#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
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VERSE: Nu16-22b
RASHIS COVERED: Nu16-22b Nu23-19b Nu23-18b
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
===============
To Yossi Zoimen for pointing out that Rashi on Nu16-22b
suggests interpreting the HEY as the DECLARATIVE Hey
vs. the INTERROGATIVE HEY.
============= THE GRAMMATICAL RULE OF EXTRA LETTERS =============
To understand how this LIST is constructed we use Gn36-24a
as an example. The verse Gn36-24 LITERALLY translates as
----------------------------------------------
These are the children of Tzivon AND Aya & Ana
----------------------------------------------
Notice how the CAPPED word, AND, appears totally out of
place and distorts the cohesiveness of the verse.
Rashi suggests as a remedy that we simply regard
this word, AND, as extra. Hence the sentence translates
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These are the children of Tzivon: #Aya & Ana
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The pound sign (#) indicates the place of the missing
word AND (Note how in Hebrew the word AND is represented
by a single letter)
A similar approach applies to the other verses
This list comes from the Rashi Website and may be found at
URL http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ex14-28a.htm
Today we add two entries to the list:
* Nu16-22b ONE #MAN HAS SINNED. Will the whole nation suffer
* Nu23-18b ...Listen to me the #son of Tzippor
See the footnote *1 for further discussion on Nu16-22b
Further details are provided in the next list
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VERSE LETTER Text of Verse with Extra Letter
======== ====== =================================================
Ex14-28a Lamed The waters covered the chariots:#All Pharohs army
Ex27-03 Lamed Make its pans, forks..--#All its utensils--copper
Ex27-19 Lamed #All temple utensils & all pegs are copper
Nu04-32 Lamed He was responsible for the pillars..#all utensils
Gn31-13a Hay I am #the God of Bethel where you made an altar
Nu34-02 Hay When you come to #the land of Cnaan
Nu16-22b Hay One #man has sinned.Will the whole nation suffer?
Gn36-24a Vav These are the children of Tzivon: #Aya & Ana
Dn08-13 Vav How long will be given over #the holy nation
Lv07-16b Vav But on the next day #what is left over is burnt
Nu23-18b Vav ...listen to me the #son of Tzippor
Ex16-06c Yud Your Right Arm, God, is #Exalted in strength
Lam01-01 Yud How has the #Great nation become isolated
Gn31-39 Yud I brought no casualty to you: #Day or night theft
NOTES
=====
*1 The SENTENCE is declarative (Only one person has sinned!)
However it would be a mistake to say that the HEY is
declarative (since then the sentence would have to read
------------------------
HAIsh HAEchad YeCheTaH.
------------------------
Since it reads
------------------------
HAIsh Echad YeChetah
------------------------
we have to interpret the HEY as an EXTRA LETTER.
Note that Rashis point still stands: the HEY is
not interrogative since then it would have to read
with a PATACH (See the next list in this posting for
illustrations and verses).
In summary there are not 2, but 3 approaches to this hey
--------------------------------------------------------
* DECLARATIVE HEY: Verse should read HoIsh HAEchad YChTa
* INTERROGATIVE: Verse should read HaIsh Echad YChTa
* EXTRA LETTER: Verse should read HoIsh Echad YChta
--------------------------------------------------------
In summary the
* SENTENCE is not interrogative
* SENTENCE is declarative
* HEY is NOT declarative!
Rather subtle!
=================================================================
=============== THE RULES OF THE INTERROGATIVE HEY ==============
RULE: In Hebrew writing, if you wish to indicate that a sentence
should be read as a question then you place the letter HEY
before the first letter of the first word of that sentence.
This rule (adding a HAY to indicate a question) has 8 cases.
They govern such issues as
* (a) how you punctuate the HAY (3 methods),
* (b) do you put a DAGESH in the following letter,
* (c) is the following letter SOFT or STRONG (DGESH).
The following table compactly summarizes all cases with examples
and Rashi references.*1 *2
This table comes from the Rashi website and may be found at
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/gn04-09z.htm
We have two new entries today
* Nu23-19b Which illustrates HEY before a Guttural
* Using this list we can now explain that the HEY in
Nu16-22b could NOT be interrogative since it is
punctuated with a KAMATZ whereas before a guttural
it would have to be a PATACH
==============================================================
Which case How is Hay punctuated Hebrew word Verse Case
=============== ===================== =========== ====== ====
Ordinary Case HAY + CHATAF PATACH Ha Shomayr Gn04-09 1*3
Before Guttural Hay + PATACH HA ACHAYCHM Nu32-06 2a*3
Before Guttural Hay + Patach HA HU Nu23-19 2a*3
Before CH+Kmtz Hay + Segol HE CHAZAK Nu13-18 2b
Before Resh Hay + Chataf Patach Ha Rafeh Nu13-18 2c
Before Shva Hay + PATACH + DAGESH HA-Smaynah Nu13-20 3a*3
Bef Shva+BGDKFT Hay + Patach HA MCASEH*5 Gn18-17 3b*3
Bef Shva+BGDKFT Hey + Patach HA VRACAH*4 Gn27-38 3b*3
Before Shva+Yud Hey + Patach HA YDATEM Gn29-05 3c
NOTES
=====
*1 There are futher rules discussing where the EMPHASIS of the
question is placed. Normally the QUESTON EMPHASIS is placed on
the first word of the sentence (as in "IS IT STRONG or WEAK")
However the EMPHASIS may alos be in the second part of the
sentence (eg "Will the ruler of the world NOT DO JUSTICE")
*2 Rashis brilliant method of pedagogy is illustrated here.
Rashi cleverly picks exactly one example for each subrule.
Thus Rashi with a few examples covers all cases while most
textbooks give many more examples but only cover a few rules.
*3 These verses have Rashis. there is no Rashi on Nu13-20 but
Rashi brings this example on Gn27-38.
*4 Compare Job15-8, HVSOD, with "V" not "B" (according to Aleppo).
Rashi brought two examples for case 3b--one was to show the
punctuation on the HAY and the other to show the dagesh on
the B.
*5 This example appears to be in error since MEM is not a BGD KFT
letter. Thus we have to find the rule why certain words beginning
with a shva do not have a dagesh. The rule for the BGD KFT DGSHAH
remains true (No DAGESH).
*6 There are 4 other Rashis discussing use of HAYS. In 2 of them
the QUESTION emphais is on the 2nd half rather than the first
half of the verse (Gn29-15a and Gn18-25d), in one of them we have
an unusual usage of the passive (Gn41-38) while in Gn16-13 Rashi
is explaining the use of the word ALSO (Please see the postings
for full details)
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RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMAR
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WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website
Volume 10 Number 19
#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 10 Number 19