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VERSE: Nu01-18a
======================== Nu01-18a =======================
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY
------------------
One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain
grammar the same way modern Hebrew grammar
books explain grammar.
A particular focus of grammar is the
conjugation of verbs and the meaning of the
various conjugation modes.
The most controversial of the conjugation modes
is the infamous HITPAEL mode. Most elementary
books interpret the HITPAEL as REFLEXIVE.
There are at least 3 other theories on the
meaning of the HITPAEL. Rashi however interprets
it as meaning INTERACTIVE. The LIST below
shows a LIST of verses where the HITPAEL
means INTERACTIVE
EXAMPLE: Nu01-18a
-----------------
VERSE: (interactively) born to their tribes
RASHI: They showed proof (birth certificates or
witnesses) of their tribal status.
The Rashi eg viewws birth certificates
as an INTERACTION on tribal birth*10
===================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== ==========================
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: CONJUGATION
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
------------------------ -----------------------------
SEE BELOW LIST703a
Lists of verses with HITPAEL meaning INTERACTIVE
------------------ LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------
*10 We have been a bit casual here. The precise
statement is that
-- Y-L-D in the active tense means to GIVE BIRTH
-- Y-L-D in the INTERACTIVE tense means to PROVE
Birth Status
Thus the root has 2 distinct meanings (Give
birth and prove status). They however are related
by a common root and the grammatical modes.
========================================================
======================= LIST703a ================================
According to Rashi the HITPAEL means the INTERACTIVE.
Several examples of roots in the HITPAEL, meaning
the INTERACTIVE, are presented below.*10
=================================================================
VERSE ROOT MEANING INTERACTIVE MEANING
======== ================ ============== ========================
Dt22-01a Ayin-Lamed-Mem OVERLOOK AVOID
Gn26-20a Ayin-Shin-Kuf WITHOLD WAGES BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1
Gn26-20b Ayin-Shin-Kuf WITHOLD WAGES BICKER ABOUT PROPERTY*1
Ex08-05a Pay-Aleph-Resh GLORIFY/BRAG CHALLENGE*2
Gn06-09c Hey-Lamed-Caph TO WALK TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3
Dt01-21a Aleph-Nun-Pay ANGER*4 PICKY & ANGRY*5
Dt04-37a Aleph-Nun-Pay ANGER*4 PICKY & ANGRY*5
Nu11-18a Kuf-Dalet-Shin PREPARE COMMUNAL PREPARATION*6
Ex10-02a AYIN-LAMED-LAMED HARASS*7 TO SPORT*8
Nu22-29a AYIN-LAMED-LAMED HARASS*7 TO SPORT*8
Dt29-18a Bet-Resh-Caph to BLESS Interactive blessing*9
Gn26-04a Bet-Resh-Caph to BLESS Interactive blessing*9
Ex32-03c Pay-Resh-Kuf to UNLOAD Communal unloading
Nu01-18a Yud-Lamed-Dalet to GIVE BIRTH Prove BIRTH STATUS
NOTES
-----
*1 Hence Gn26-20a "And they BICKERED with him about the ownership"
*2 The Hitpael form means to CHALLENGE (that is to
BRAG thru interacting with someone else. Here is
the Rashi).
Ex08-05a Moses said to Pharoh...'you want the frogs removed
...well pick an exact time for their removal and
if my God doesn't remove them by then you can brag
how you outsmarted me'
*3 The hitpael form means --ie TO WALK WITH SOMEONE*3
to FOLLOW HIS WAYS (eg so when used with God it
means to follow a Godly life--(Rashi further
distinguished between WALK TO and WALK OF...but
we have explained this on Gn06-09c)
*4 See Isa12-1,Ps2-12 for verses that show that A-N-F means
anger
*5 That is, you get picky on everything the
person does--you allow, the person
you are angry with, no way out---every attempt at
apology is met with more anger (So you are
INTERACTIVELY angry)
*6 The Hitpael form would
mean to INTERACTIVELY PREPARE---TO PREPARE AS
A COMMUNITY. Thus on Nu11-18a Rashi says to the
community, "Prepare yourself for Gods punishment
for the way you have complained"
Note that this root can also, besides meaning to
prepare, can also mean to DESIGNATE (as e.g.
designating an animal for a sacrifice)
*7 The original meaning of the root
is to prune grapes from a vine.
Hence in the Kal Mode it can also mean to HARASS
To eg continuously bicker away at somebody till
he gives in.
The clearest proof of this is Jer6-9 "And they
will HARASS (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed) away at the Jews
the way a grape-vine is pruned (Ayin-Lamed-Lamed)"
*8 In the hitpael mode Ayin-Lamed-Lamed would mean
to interactively harass---I guess the closest
meaning would be 'to sport' with someone.
The difference between HARASS and SPORT is that
in HARASS you just want to eat away at someone.
By contrast, when you SPORT with someone you
don't just harass someone but you also provoke
them into fighting with you.
Rashi actually brings Lam1-12 and Lam1-22 to
vs Ex10-02 Jud19-25 Nu22-29a to support this
distinction. Thus Jud19-25 should be translated
THEY SPORTED WITH HER ALL NIGHT (vs they HARASSED
HER ALL NIGHT)
*9 Rashi gives the following example
eg When a father wishes to bless his son or friend
he will say 'May you be blessed like Abraham'
Similarly in Dt29-18a we could interpret it as
'The person who sins fancies himself as a blessing
to his people; he thinks he is a leader leading them
to peace.'
COMMENT: Note how this intepretation answers the question in
Rashi on Dt29-28a: The NATION is punished for the deeds of the
INDIVIDUAL because the NATION INTERACTED WITH him and put up
with him See a similar theological Rashi on Lv20-05
------------------------ LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------------
*10 There are 3 other theories on the meaning of the hitpael
The most popular is that hitpael means REFLEXIVE. I
think the verses above prove Rashi correct.
=================================================================
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Volume 17 Number 23
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 17 Number 23