nkr-2


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#       10 YEAR Ayelet DAILY-RASHI-YOMI CYCLE             #
#                 December  9th, 2001                     #
#          Rashis 1136-1138 Of 7800 (14.6%)               #
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    =============  HOT ITEMS ================================
   CONGRATULATIONS: We have completed the GRAMMAR MODULE
   I hope to have the GRAND SUMMARY UP SUNDAY.
    The 6 Rashi Goals    http://www.RashiYomi.Com/rules-01.htm
   ENGLISH RASHI:       http://www.mnemotrix.com/metsudah
   THE WHITE PAPERS:    http://www.RashiYomi.Com/white.htm
   =========================================================

GOALS
=====
This module studies Rashis translations of the 6-7 meanings
of the word Nun-Kaph-Resh.

TODAYS UNIT
===========
Today we go over the 6 basic meanings of NKR. Tomorrow
we will review subtle nuances of these meanings.

THE LONG FOOTNOTES
===================
Todays module is a bit longer than usual. I bring it
to show how intricate and beautiful controversies among
Rishonim on word meanings can be. This will only last
2 days.

The LONG FOOTNOTES are for those who want more analysis.
You can comfortably skip LONGER FOOTNOTES on a first reading
If you read the list below you will know the 6 meanings of
NKR (If you read the longer footnotes you will also find
out which Rishonim helped us in these translations and
why we rejected other translations).

REFERENCE:
=========
Todays unit comes from the following postings

http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn42-08a.htm (Up Sunday)
http://www.Rashiyomi.Com/h12n9.htm    (Up Sunday)

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#



NKR has 6 meanings: LIST 2
 

EXAMPLE 5: Dt31-16a theyll walk after the gods of OTHERS
EXAMPLE 6: Ex12-43b an OTHER will not offer the Passover
EXAMPLE 7: Ex22-08d dont sell her to OTHER families

BACKGROUND
----------
Yesterdays posting (NKR-1) presented 6 meanings of Nun-Kph-Resh.
We showed that NKR means RECOGNIZE or UNRECOGNIZABLE(FOREIGN)

TODAYS LIST
-----------
The second list here again
- presents the 6 meanings of NKR
- gives the actual text of verses illustrating these meanings
- correlates meaning with grammatical mode: Thus
--- NKR means RECOGNIZE in the ACTIVE MODE (KAL)
--- NKR means IGNORE(Not RECOGNIZE) in the INTENSIVE MODE(PIEL)
--- NKR means DISGUISE(non-recognize the self) in HITPAEL

We also explore the nuances of N-K-R which mean OTHER,FOREIGN

The footnotes discuss alternative verse translations,
controversies among Rishonim and subtleties of nuance.
Here is the list.
MEANING GRAMMAR VERSE TEXT OF VERSE WITH Nun-Kaph-Resh

Recognize Active*1 Gn42-08a Joseph RECOGNIZED his brothers
Recognize Active*1 Gn42-08b Josephs brothers didnt RECOGNIZE him
Disguise Reflexiv Gn42-07a Joseph DISGUISED himself
Ignore Intensiv Dt32-27a they will IGNORE Me ¬ acknowledge
Other Noun*2 Dt31-16a theyll walk after the gods of OTHERS
Other Noun*2 Ex12-43b an OTHER will not offer the Passover
Other Noun*2 Ex22-08d dont sell her to OTHER families
Favoritism Noun*3 Isa03-09 Theyre punished for their FAVORITISM
Friends Noun*3 2Kn12-06 Theyll get donations from FRIENDS

COMMENTS

*1 Rashi makes an insightful point about recognition:
   -- if a person lost a few pounds you would still recognize him
   -- but if you saw him in a situation where you dont expect it
      than THE UNKNOWN SITUATION + HIS WEIGHT LOSS might cause
      non-recognition.

  In other words RECOGNITION is dependent on both appearance and
  social status.

  So if Josephs brothers didnt recognize him it was because
  - of appearance: e.g. he had grown a beard since he left
  - expectation: They expected to find Joseph as a slave.IN OTHER
    WORDS THEY STILL DIDNT BELIEVE IN HIS DREAMS

  By contrast Joseph did recognize his brothers
  - they hadnt changed appearance
  - Joseph did REMEMBER his own dreams. He wanted to be their
    leader In his mind all the suffering was worth it--he would
    now save them.

In this way we combine the simple meaning and derash into one.

*2 Most English translations translate N-K-R as meaning FOREIGN
   Rashi however is a bit more soft: He translates it as meaning
   OTHER (NOT IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZABLE). This softer translation
   seems to fit better in the 3 verses cited


   ----------------------------------------------------------
   if her master doesnt like her then he cannot sell her
   to ANOTHER FAMILY (Ex22-08d)
   ----------------------------------------------------------
   (the translation ANOTHER NATION would be wrong here!*10)



   Dt31-16a
   -----------------------------------------------------------
   they (the Jews) will desert Me(God) and follow FOREIGN gods
   -----------------------------------------------------------
   (Here the translation FOREIGN does fit!)


   Ex12-43b
   -----------------------------------------------------------
   OTHER people cannot offer the Passover
   -----------------------------------------------------------
   The translation FOREIGNERS CANNOT OFFER THE PASSOVER would
   not prohibit APOSTATES from offering the Passover. However
   the translation OTHERS seems to include both FOREIGNERS
   and APOSTATES.

   In summary: OTHER is not a perfect translation but fits better
   than FOREIGNER.

*3 As mentioned above some rare opinions interpret the phrase
   in Isa03-09 as either
   - coming from another root meaning BRAZENNESS (Radack)
   - meaning GUILT (ITS recognizable IN THEIR FACE)

-------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------------

*10 Lets get detailed here. The literal words of the verse are
    - dont sell her to a
    - NATION (AM)
    - that is NKR (OTHER or FOREIGN)

    So it is natural to translate this as dont sell her to
    a FOREIGN NATION (After all, that is what it says)

    Rashis point is that
    -- Nation can refer to family or tribe (Eg Dt33-03)
    -- NKR is better translated as OTHER vs FOREIGN

    So the Hebrew AM NKR could mean OTHER FAMILY even though
    it appears to mean FOREIGN NATION.



#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2001, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

NKR has 6 meanings: LIST 2
EXAMPLE 5: Dt31-16a theyll walk after the gods of OTHERS EXAMPLE 6: Ex12-43b an OTHER will not offer the Passover EXAMPLE 7: Ex22-08d dont sell her to OTHER families BACKGROUND ---------- Yesterdays posting (NKR-1) presented 6 meanings of Nun-Kph-Resh. We showed that NKR means RECOGNIZE or UNRECOGNIZABLE(FOREIGN) TODAYS LIST ----------- The second list here again - presents the 6 meanings of NKR - gives the actual text of verses illustrating these meanings - correlates meaning with grammatical mode: Thus --- NKR means RECOGNIZE in the ACTIVE MODE (KAL) --- NKR means IGNORE(Not RECOGNIZE) in the INTENSIVE MODE(PIEL) --- NKR means DISGUISE(non-recognize the self) in HITPAEL We also explore the nuances of N-K-R which mean OTHER,FOREIGN The footnotes discuss alternative verse translations, controversies among Rishonim and subtleties of nuance. Here is the list.
MEANING	GRAMMAR	VERSE	TEXT OF VERSE WITH Nun-Kaph-Resh
Recognize	Active*1	Gn42-08a	Joseph RECOGNIZED his brothers
Recognize	Active*1	Gn42-08b	Josephs brothers didnt RECOGNIZE him
Disguise	Reflexiv	Gn42-07a	Joseph DISGUISED himself
Ignore	Intensiv	Dt32-27a	they will IGNORE Me ¬ acknowledge
Other	Noun*2	Dt31-16a	theyll walk after the gods of OTHERS
Other	Noun*2	Ex12-43b	an OTHER will not offer the Passover
Other	Noun*2	Ex22-08d	dont sell her to OTHER families
Favoritism	Noun*3	Isa03-09	Theyre punished for their FAVORITISM
Friends	Noun*3	2Kn12-06	Theyll get donations from FRIENDS

COMMENTS
1 Rashi makes an insightful point about recognition: -- if a person lost a few pounds you would still recognize him -- but if you saw him in a situation where you dont expect it than THE UNKNOWN SITUATION + HIS WEIGHT LOSS might cause non-recognition. In other words RECOGNITION is dependent on both appearance and social status. So if Josephs brothers didnt recognize him it was because - of appearance: e.g. he had grown a beard since he left - expectation: They expected to find Joseph as a slave.IN OTHER WORDS THEY STILL DIDNT BELIEVE IN HIS DREAMS By contrast Joseph did recognize his brothers - they hadnt changed appearance - Joseph did REMEMBER his own dreams. He wanted to be their leader In his mind all the suffering was worth it--he would now save them. In this way we combine the simple meaning and derash into one. 2 Most English translations translate N-K-R as meaning FOREIGN Rashi however is a bit more soft: He translates it as meaning OTHER (NOT IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZABLE). This softer translation seems to fit better in the 3 verses cited ---------------------------------------------------------- if her master doesnt like her then he cannot sell her to ANOTHER FAMILY (Ex22-08d) ---------------------------------------------------------- (the translation ANOTHER NATION would be wrong here!10) Dt31-16a ----------------------------------------------------------- they (the Jews) will desert Me(God) and follow FOREIGN gods ----------------------------------------------------------- (Here the translation FOREIGN does fit!) Ex12-43b ----------------------------------------------------------- OTHER people cannot offer the Passover ----------------------------------------------------------- The translation FOREIGNERS CANNOT OFFER THE PASSOVER would not prohibit APOSTATES from offering the Passover. However the translation OTHERS seems to include both FOREIGNERS and APOSTATES. In summary: OTHER is not a perfect translation but fits better than FOREIGNER. 3 As mentioned above some rare opinions interpret the phrase in Isa03-09 as either - coming from another root meaning BRAZENNESS (Radack) - meaning GUILT (ITS recognizable IN THEIR FACE) -------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES --------------------------- *10 Lets get detailed here. The literal words of the verse are - dont sell her to a - NATION (AM) - that is NKR (OTHER or FOREIGN) So it is natural to translate this as dont sell her to a FOREIGN NATION (After all, that is what it says) Rashis point is that -- Nation can refer to family or tribe (Eg Dt33-03) -- NKR is better translated as OTHER vs FOREIGN So the Hebrew AM NKR could mean OTHER FAMILY even though it appears to mean FOREIGN NATION.