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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2001
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 8 Number 19
                   Produced Jan 2, 2001

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)

Verses/Topics Discussed in This Issue with quicky explanations

READER QUESTIONS/COMMENTS
=========================
v8-1-2a  Some scientific comments on the concept of
         repeated words words by Prof Rosalind Horowitz
         This whole issue is devoted to repeated words words

v8-1-2b  Difficulties in navigating the RashiYomi website
         and a question on the angel dust midrash by
         Yossi Wetstein.

         MY ANSWER CONTAINS A LIST OF WHATS AVAILABLE ON
         THE WEBSITE AND WHERE TO FIND IT

v8-1-2c  Welcome back to Dr Loike with some sharp comments
         on my analysis of the Rashi-Ramban controversy on
         faith




WEEKLY PARSHAH
--------------
Gn47-02a A Grand Summary of the 4 methods for treating the
         Biblical technique of repeated words words.

         This summary supercedes everything we have done
         with briefer more succinct and more readable
         explanations. I thank everyone who stayed thru
         the 2 years till things were crystallized.



Rashis covered in this issue
----------------------------
VERSE    RULE            BRIEF DESCRIPTION
======== ==============  ================================
Gn47-02a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Nu04-04a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Ex31-15a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Ex31-15b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Lv13-49a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Lv13-49b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn28-11b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn37-15a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn22-11a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn46-02a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Nu08-19a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Ex01-01a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn45-03a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Nu17-28a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Nu05-12a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Ex15-01b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn08-21b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn26-13a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Dt33-18a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn39-11b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn22-17a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn22-17b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn26-28a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn32-13a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Dt13-16a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Ex12-09c DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Dt15-08b DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Gn17-13a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
Dt16-20a DOUBLE NOUNS    REPEATING=emphasis,closeness,nonstandard
-----------------------------------------------------------------
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2001 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#


                        RASHI IS SIMPLE

 GOALS: To grammatically defend all 8000 Rashis on Chumash.
 METHOD:Rashis are defended with LISTS of comparable cases
 INTENDED AUDIENCE: Laymen, Academicians, Yeshiva world

 COMMENTS,QUESTIONS: EMail to address below
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:If you want to ask anonymously please ask
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 JOURNAL REFERENCE: Pshat & Drash,TRADITION, Win 1980,R Hendel
 NOTATION: eg Gn01-02a refers to Rashi "a" on Genesis 1:2
 SPECIALS:...on Parshah,Rambam,Ramban,Pedagogy,Symbolism
 RASHI-IS-SIMPLE RULES Complete set of rules on bottom

        EMAIL: RJHendel@Juno.Com, rashi-is-simple@shamash.org,
        WEB:   http://www.RashiYomi.Com/

#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2001 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: v8-1-2a

From Rosalind Horowitz 
To: 'Russell J Hendel ' 
Date: Sun, 26 Dec 1999 20:28:42 -0600
Date: Thu, 30 Dec 1999 19:37:54 -0600
Date: Mon, 01 Jan 2001 21:27:02 -0600
[MODERATOR: I've combined 3 emails from Prof. Horowitz]
[PARAGRAPH HEADINGS were inserted by me for clarity]
Subject: REPETITION



THE LITERATURE ON REPETITION
============================
There are a few linguists who have recently
written about the role of REPETITION in discourse,
but there is not much out there in scientific
psychological or linguistic research.



A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SCHOOL CHILDREN
======================================
I have a study one of my grad
students did looking at the evolution/changes
of discourse in children's
talk about a novel.  We found that with
increasing involvement in the text,
the 5th graders began to use repetition in their
discourse. We analyze 5 functions the repetition serves.



A LINGUISTS COMMENTS
====================
Russell,
To answer your question.  Repetition has been addressed
theoretically in work by linguist,

                Deborah Tannen.


5 REASONS FOR REPETITION
========================
I have looked at repetition in classroom
dialogues by 5th graders as they studied
and talked about a literary work, a
novel.  We found that repetition was used in
natural, informal, classroom
talk about a text to

--verify ideas or language in a text,
--for emphasis,
--when words are repeated to extend a point or
  dramatize the force of a point, as a turn signal,
--to enter a converation and
--as a mark of a stance being taken, strong beliefs expressed.



FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR MY RASHI WORK
=====================================
Regarding your Rashi work Are you indicating
--a)where the repetition occurs,
--b)its functions,
--c)how the repetitions change over text.
I found in my research with
children who were getting into
the talk about a novel, that the number of
repetitions increased across each conversation,
over 4 conversations, over a period of two weeks.

Another issue, that I have not looked at yet,
is the use of repetition in the text.  How much
repetition occurs in the original text sources?  How
do those repetitions change in function, form, and numbers?



MY TALK AT BEN GURION
=====================
While speaking at Ben Gurion Univ on the topic
of Repetition in discourse about text, it emerged
that repetitions are also first used in a conversation
about text, to stabilize the discussion (you repeat
the words used in the source, so everyone has a
common language), it then, gradually results in more
creative expression about the text sources. I spoke at
length with several professors in Israel who were fascinated
with the uses of Repetition in Discourse.

The paper I've delivered is:
------------------------------------------
Repetition in discourse:  A linguistic
strategy signifying involvement in
conversational dialogues with a literary
work.

Presented at the Society for Text
and Discourse Conference, Lyon,
France (2001, July 20).
-------------------------------------------



A BOOK?
=======
I am actually thinking of writing a book on this theme.



All the best in 2001,
Rosalind Horowitz;
Professor of Discourse and Literacy Studies,
The Univ of Texas--San Antonio
Director, Hillel at UTSA




#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2001 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: v8-1-2b


From "Joseph P. Wetstein" 
Message-Id: <200111141636.eAEGaPY20578@coe.drexel.edu>
Subject: hello
To: rhendel@mcs.drexel.edu
Date: Tue, 14 Nov 2001 11:36:25 -0500 (EST)
Reply-To: j.wetstein@ieee.org

Russell,

How are you?

I was having difficulty nagivating your site:
[MODERATOR: It is been greatly fixed up since November.
Here are the main features:

--------------------------------------------------------------
Daily Rashi Calendar     http://www.RashiYomi.Com/calendar.htm
Jewish Philosophy Page   http://www.RashiYomi.Com/judaica.htm
Recent Issues Page       http://www.RashiYomi.Com/index.htm
White Papers Page        http://www.RashiYomi.Com/index.htm
All Rashi Verses         http://www.RashiYomi.Com/by-verse.htm
Free Downloads           http://www.RashiYomi.Com/download.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------


I want to look at the Rashi(s) that compare
the washing of the feet between Avraham and Lot. Do
you have any information on what it means that the
washing took place because they (3) "worshipped the
dust/dirt"? That seems to be symbolic and
not literal, but is it deeper than first glance?
[Moderator: Good question--dont know why I overlooked
this a month ago]


Take care,
Yossi

 --
 Joseph
 j.wetstein@ieee.org
 (707) 202-0600 fax
 PP/ASEL & KA3VJY [Tech+]


#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2001 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: v8-1-2c

From "John D. Loike" 
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2001 10:37:33 -0500
To: owner-rashi-is-simple@shamash.org

Hi Russell, Hope all is well.
Things are calming down a little here.

A few general comments. In reference to the
controversy between Rashi and the Ramban, You
should look at the Sheta Mekubetzet on Torah who
highlights the difference in Trop. By Avraham the
Trop is harsh and quick. In contrast, by Yitzchok
leaving the land in the time of famine, the Trop is
gentle and sing song reflecting how different the
two famines were.


[MODERATOR: RESPONSE: The laws of of Cantillations are better
understood now (though the Rishonim who wrote on it were
available to the Sheta Mekubetzet). The cantillations in
question are simply grammatical marks like commas, periods,
and semicolons. They are perfectly normal on this verse.
But thanks for the source, John]



Next. I believe you have missed the
controversy between Rashi and Ramban.
It relates to a very serious and deep
understanding of the tests of
Avraham. In particular, it relates to
how man should react to adversity.
There are two extremes within a spectrum
of responses. On one side is
complete betachon in God without any
necessary human response. This is not
merely a philosophical issue but has
halachic manifestations as well (see
Havot levavot on Bitachon for sources).
This is generally the view of
Ramban. On the other end of the spectrum
is "don't rely on micacles" based
on the argument in the gemara and the
various verses used to prove this
philosophical/halachic imperative. That is
evident from God telling Shemuel
to appoint David and to hide this from
Saul least that he will kill
Shemuel. We learn that even when God
comments a prophet, the prophet must
protect himself from danger and not
rely on miracles. This is basically the
view of Rashi. Rashi felt that Avraham was
acting appropriately by leaving
and therefore classifies this as a beautiful
test that Avraham passed. In contrast, Ramban
clearly states as you pointed out that Avraham
failed this test and his sin was so grave that
it elicited the exile into Egypt. So you have to
ask what did Ramban really expect Avraham to do.
The answer is very complicated and too long to explain.
But the key relates to Tefillah and Bakasha. Think about it.


[Moderator: BRIEF RESPONSE: John, you miss my whole point.
We are >ALL< aware of the philosophical controversy of
how far FAITH should go--ie should you risk your life?

My point and contribution to this controversy however was
the >GRAMMAR< of the text. The grammar of the text clearly
sides with Rashi. In other words we are settling a
philosophical controversy by >GRAMMAR<. I repeat the
text here

------------------BIBLICAL TEXT DESCRIBING FAMINE-----

---AND THERE WAS A FAMINE IN THE LAND
----------so Abraham went down to Egypt to inn there
---BECAUSE THE FAMINE WAS VERY HEAVY IN THE LAND

------------------------------------------------------


Thus the text CLEARLY indicates that the famine was the
type of famine that forced one to leave Israel. This
is made clear by the ABA (FAMINE-WENT DOWN-FAMINE) form.
I dont see how Ramban can get out of this


What I however did is relate the controversy to the
general controversy between Rambam and other Rishonim
on whether martydom is an >OBLIGATION< or a >PERMISSION<
(in commandments other than murder, adultery, idolatry]


Also look at Targum in these last parshot. At times he
translates the term Shivcha (Yaakov's maidservents) as
servant and other times as "pilegesh".
There is a beautiful pattern here.

Keep up the good work  and happy chanuka.
John


#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2001 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: Gn47-02a

RASHIS COVERED: Gn47-02a Nu04-04a          Ex31-15a Lv13-49a
                Lv13-49b Gn28-11b Gn37-15a Gn22-11a Gn46-02a
                Nu08-19a Ex01-01a Gn45-03a Nu17-28a Nu05-12a
                Ex15-01b Gn08-21b Gn26-13a Dt33-18a Gn39-11b
                Gn22-17a Gn22-17b Gn26-28a Gn32-13a Dt13-16a
                Ex12-09c Dt15-08b Gn17-13a Dt16-20a Ex31-15b


RULE:
====
The following module presents the 3 dozen or so Rashis dealing
with verses that >REPEAT< words. For example instead of saying
>it is HOLY< the verse might say >it is a HOLY OF HOLIES<; or
instead of saying >If a PERSON does such and such< the verse
might says >If a PERSON PERSON does such and such<

There are 4 primary methods of dealing with >REPEATED WORDS<



METHOD 1:--REPETITION EMPHASIZES THE CHOICEST AND BEST
========
EXAMPLE: Nu04-04a refers to the >HOLY OF HOLIES< which is
the holiest and most inaccessible part of the temple (you
could only enter it once a year). (An alternate reading
of Rashi refers this to the Temple Utensils which are the
holiest objects in Judaism)



METHOD 2:--REPETITION INDICATES ENDEARMENT
========
EXAMPLE: Gn22-11a >God said ABRAHAM ABRAHAM< or Song-of-Songs-4-1
>Wow you are BEAUTIFUL Wow you are BEAUTIFUL baby<. You obviously
use Repetition with people you like; by contrast you are formal
and terse with people you dont care for (This example on
Repetition comes from my TRADITION article,>PSHAT & DERASH<,Win80

NOTE: Professor Horowitz refers to this as a >conversation
opener<. I would further add that it is a >conversation opener
with someone you like<



METHOD 3:--REPETITION INDICATES EVEN IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES
========
EXAMPLE: Nu17-28a >Anyone who comes NEAR NEAR to the temple will
be cut off<. The emphasis in the repeated >NEAR NEAR< indicates
that a person is punished not only for brazenly coming near but
even eg if they came near because it was crowded near the temple
and the person was doing it only for convenience.

NOTE: Both method 3 and method 1 indicate >EMPHASIS<. However
the >EMPHASIS< in method 1 is >RESTRICTIVE<(it restricts the
meaning to the CHOICEST and BEST) while the emphasis
in >method 3< is >BROADENING<(It includes more cases). Method
1 is usually accompanied by other words of emphasis such as
>THE< or >OF< (the holy OF holies) and hence is >RESTRICTIVE<
Pure >REPETITION< however is >BROADENING< (This was Malbims
principle on Repetition presented in his collection of rules
called the Morning Star)



METHOD 4:-REPETITION INDICATES MORE CASES IN the SUBJECT,OBJECT..
=========
EXAMPLE: In Gn22-17b God promises to >MULTIPLY MULTIPLY you<
Rashi explains that Abraham would MULTIPLY and have many children
and similarly Abrahams descendants would ALSO have many children.


COMMENT
=======
We do deal with >REPEATED WORDS/PHRASES<. We do not
deal (here) with the interesting topic of >REPEATED VERSES<
The methods of >REPEATED VERSES< may be found in our
>DOUBLE PARSHAS< rule(See the BY-RULE pulldown on the Rashi
website at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/by-verse.htm) Finally
we deal with words that are perceived as >REPEATED< because
pronouns were not used the 2nd time (Examples are indicated
below)



                        -GRAND SUMMARY-



METHOD 1:
========
-----------------------------------------------------------------
     >REPETITION< can indicate the >CHOICEST< and >BEST<
     This is particularly true if the >REPETITION< has
     an indicator of emphasis such as >of< or >the<
     (Original posting at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h6n11.htm)
-----------------------------------------------------------------

VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE                   MEANING OF REPETITION
======== =============================== =======================
Nu04-04a The HOLY of HOLIES              Holiest part of temple
Ex31-15a A SABBATH of SABBATHS*1         Even cooking prohibited
Lv13-49a Y-R-K-R-K (GreenReen)           The GREENEST of GREENS*2
Lv13-49b A-D-M-D-M (Reded)               The REDEST of REDS*2
Gn28-11a He prayed by THE PLACE..PLACE*3 >THE PLACE<=the Temple
Gn37-15a And a MAN found him..THE MAN.*4 >THE MAN<=AProphet/Angel

NOTES
=====
*1 Ex31-15b further points out that all holidays which are
   referred to as >SABBATH of SABBATH< (Ex31-15, Lv23-32)
   have prohibitions of both WORK and EATING. By contrast
   all holidays which are only called >SABBATH< (Lv23-23
   and Lv23-39) only have a prohibition of Work but not
   a prohibition of COOKING. This is fully discussed at
   http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h6n12.htm)


*2 This is fully discussed in http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n23.htm
   Ibn Ezra seems to disagree and state that GReenReen means a
   light green (which would contradict this list). But as I
   show in that posting, Ibn Ezra retracted what he said in his
   commentary on Ps45-03. In fact Ibn Ezra simply points out
   that he was testing the consistency of this rule against all
   doubled roots. To make a long story short we reviewed all
   roots & found possible problems with only 2 verses, Ps38-11
   and Songs6-1. However we can properly translate these verses
   Ps38-11 would be translated as >My heart FLUTTERS (intense
   back and forth motion)<; Similarly Songs6-1 would be
   translated as >Dont avoid me simply because I am very
   SUNBURNED (an intense form of DAWN-COLOR)<

* {LIST}
LIST of root doublings from Ibn Ezra Ps 45-3
=============================================
ROOT    MEANING         MEANING WHEN ROOT LETTERS  WHICH TWO
                        ARE DOUBLED                ROOT LETTERS
                                                   ARE DOUBLED
=====   =============   =========================  ============
SChR    Beginning Dawn  Ending Dawn (reddish)*a    2,3
SChR    Motion about    Total revolving            2,3
SGH     Grow            Wild intense growth        1,2
YFH     Pretty          Very Pretty                1,2

FOOTNOTES:
==========
*a The Ibn Ezra takes SChR = Black and SChRChReTH =
TAN, a weakened black. Note that we take that ENDING DAWN
is a more intense form of BEGINNING DAWN. The person whose
face is ENDING DAWN is Sunburned.
{END OF LIST}



{LIST}
FURTHER LIST of root doublings and a demonstration that
the doubling refers to >INTENSITY<
==============================================================
ROOT MEANING VERSE    MEANING WHEN ROOT LETTERS    WHICH TWO
                      ARE DOUBLED                  ROOT LETTERS
==== ======  ======== =========================    ============
TLL  Lump    Song5-11 Braided hair (many lumps!)   1,2
CDD  Sparks  Is54-12  Sparkling stone (like a sun) 1,2
COL  Measure Gn16-12  Subsidize, Support           1,3
CRH  Dig     2S6-14   Dance*a                      1,2
TzNH Cold    Ex16-33  Thermos (Preserves cold)*b

FOOTNOTES:
==========
*a Note that it is the MOTIONS of Dancing that are INTENSE forms
of the MOTIONS of digging. Digging and Dancing of course have
nothing to do with each other. One of the challenging things in
research on meaning is how a whole assortment of principles may
coalesce on a single word.

*b See our Rashi is Simple archives on v2-16-33: A thermos
is a doubly insulated can that preserves cold (hence the doubling
of TzN). In light of the principle we mention here we would say
that TzNH just means cold while TzNTzNeTH or thermos means
INTENSELY PRESERVING COLD
{END OF LIST}


*3 I have combined Radack and Rashi to make this readable.
   Radack cites 4 verses where >PLACE< can refer to >GOD<
   corresponding to the attribute of >OMNIPRESENCE<. However
   this would sound better if we interpret >PLACE< to mean
   the >PLACE OF GOD<. eg Ez03-12 would be translated as
   >Blessed be God from HIS PLACE OF HOLINESS< (The 4
   verses where >PLACE< means >PLACE OF HOLINESS< are Gn28-11,
   Ez03-12, Dt33-27, Es04-14) The key point here is to
   emphasize both the >REPETITION< and the word >THE place<

*4 Again the emphasis is on both the >REPETITION< and the word
   >THE<. Thus the verse would be translated as >And a MAN
   found Joseph and he was wandering in the field and THE
   MAN (ie a Prophet or Angel) asked him WHAT DO YOU SEEK<
   (NOTE: The way we interpret this verse it would simply
   be another dream like the previous 2 dreams of Joseph)








METHOD 2:
========
-----------------------------------------------------------------
     >REPETITION< can indicate >ENDEARMENT & CLOSENESS<
     (Originally posted at http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n6.htm)
-----------------------------------------------------------------

VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE                    MEANING OF REPETITION
======== ================================ =======================
Songs4-1 You are BEAUTIFUL BEAUTIFUL*5    He Liked Her
Gn22-11a The Angel called ABRAHAM ABRAHAM Abraham is DEAR to God
Gn46-02a God said Jacob Jacob             Jacob is DEAR to God
Nu08-19a Tell the JEWS..JEWS..JEWS..JEWS. Jews are DEAR to God
Ex01-01a Repetition of Tribal Genealogy*6 Tribes are DEAR to God
Gn45-04a Joseph told BROTHERS..BROTHERS*5 Joe close to brothers

NOTES
=====
*5 See http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n6.htm for original posting
   See my article >PSHAT & DRASH<
   Winter 1980, TRADITION where I develop the Songs4-1 example
   As I note in the article the major emphasis is that he likes
   her. The Songs Rabbah however gives 10 specific instances
   of WHY someone might be liked (eg God loves the Jews because
   they do commandments in both public and private).

   Similarly the REPEATED >BROTHERS< in Gn45-03a simply denotes
   that Joseph still liked his brothers (Despite what they did
   to him). Rashi simply picks one example of this closeness:
   Joseph still kept his religion (Rashis actual language is
   that >Joseph showed them he was circumcised< but we have
   interpreted this symbolically).

*6 Ex01-01:07 REPEATS the genealogies of the tribes given in
   Gn46-08:27.  This >REPETITION< denotes the >ENDEARMENT<
   of the tribes to God. (Notice that this repetition is
   NOT a conversation opener (like the other examples) but
   still denotes endearment).






METHOD 3:
========
-----------------------------------------------------------------
>REPETITION< can indicate >EVEN IN NON STANDARD CIRCUMSTANCES<
Equivalantly it can indicate >NON STANDARD MEANINGS< of an object
(See http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h2n20.htm which also brings
 numerous non-Rashi references from Baba Metzia 31)
-----------------------------------------------------------------

VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE                    MEANING OF REPETITION
======== ================================ =======================

Nu17-28a All who come NEAR NEAR ...       Even if it was crowded
Nu05-12a A MAN MAN who suspects his wife  Even a paranoic man*6
Ex15-01b God is GREAT GREAT in war*7      Overthrows HORSE& RIDER
Gn08-21b God will not destroy not destroy No matter how evil*8
Gn26-13a & Isaac >GREW GREW<              Even his manure*9
Dt33-18a DAN..DAN ZVULUN..ZVULUN          Even if weaklings*10
Gn39-11b he left his GARMENT GARMENT      Garment of sin*11


NOTES
=====
*6 In other words >MAN MAN< denotes >ANY MAN< even someone
   very paranoic (I might think that God wouldnt allow his
   Great Name to be erased for a Paranoic man--therefore
   we are told otherwise). The Numbers-Rabbah Midrash gives
   several explanations--Rashi simply cites from the first in
   the list(and thereby encourages people to learn the
   rest). We have selected the interpretation closest to the
   paradigm of the list.

   For an extensive but technical discussion see
   http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h2n19.htm
   http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h4n13.htm


*7 Rashis language is >Ordinary military greatness consists
   of overpowering the RIDER not the HORSE. But God throws
   BOTH HORSE and RIDER in the sea--hence we have a non-
   standard example of GREATNESS which is indicated by
   the REPETITION.

*8 The implication is that God will never destroy the
   world no matter how evil man becomes. (Rashis language
   is that >God took an oath not to destroy the world<
   But all that Rashi meant was the emphasis that God
   would not destroy the world in any circumstances)

*9 >GROWTH< is usually associated with assets and workers
   Rashi points out here that Isaac >GREW IN ALL RESPECTS<
   >EVEN< his manure was coveted.

*10 Rashi here cites a fundamental controversy in approach
   to REPETITION. Genesis Rabbah 95:04 and Baba Kama 92a
   both deal with the problem that of the 12 tribes
   blessed by Moses only 5 of them have their names
   repeated in the blessing (in Dt33). Thus eg it says
   >And to DAN Moses said/blessed: May DAN be like a lion<
   Thus this blessing REPEATS the word DAN while other
   blessings use pronouns when re-refering to the tribes.

   Genesis Rabbah suggests that these 5 people were the
   >STRONGEST< of the tribes (So REPETITION denotes
   the CHOICEST). By contrast, Baba Kamma suggests that
   these 5 were the >WEAKEST< (So REPETITION denotes
   that they are tribes in >ANY< circumstances EVEN
   though they are not as strong as the other tribes).

   After reviewing this controversy in Gn47-02a Rashi
   decides in Dt33-18a in favor of the TALMUD.

   Using the above LISTS we can easily understand why.

   >REPETITION< can only denote >CHOICEST< if there is
   some other EMPHASIS INDICATOR like >THE< or >OF<
   This is discussed in METHOD 1 above. By contrast
   METHOD 3 shows that ordinary REPETITION broadens
   the meaning of a word to include non standard
   circumstances. Hence the implication would be
   >You are my tribe EVEN if you are a weakling and
   are not what I expect<.


*11 First: The word >garment< is not repeated (>Garment Garment<)
    Rather the word is used twice in the verses without using
    a pronoun (ie it says >And she grabbed him by his GARMENT
    and he left his GARMENT in her hand<). REPETITION that
    comes from an omitted pronoun is also REPETITION.

    Next: The simplest explanation would be that >GARMENT<
    would refer to >GARMENT< in the sense of the Monica
    Lewinsky >GARMENT<---in other words a >GARMENT< with
    non-standard items which indicate sin (Recall that
    Potipheras wife had been making advances on Joseph
    daily; Joseph was only 17; he was all alone and without
    friends; the rest is clear...). In summary the simplest
    interpretation is that >Garment< refers to a >non standard
    meaning of garment< denoting sin (A similar use of
    garment occurs in Dt22-17 >and the man will accuse his
    newly married wife of having been unfaithful and they
    will spread the GARMENT before the city officials(to
    prove her innocence)<






METHOD 4:
========
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 REPETITION can indicate an >ENLARGED MEANING<
 -It can indicate more DOERS of an activity
 -It can indicate more RECEIVERS of an activity
 -It can indicate more PLACES/TIMES where an activity takes place
-----------------------------------------------------------------


VERSE    TEXT OF VERSE                    MEANING OF REPETITION
======== ================================ =======================
Gn22-17a I will >BLESS BLESS< you*12      Bless you & descendants
Gn22-17b I will >MULTIPLY MULTIPLY< you   Multiply you & children
Gn26-28a We have >SEEN SEEN< God with you God with you & parents
Gn32-13a I will be >GOOD GOOD< to you*12  Good to you & parents
Dt13-16a >HIT HIT< this city by sword*13  HIT even by fire
Ex12-09c >COOK COOK< it in water*14       COOK even in any liquid
Dt15-08b >GIVE GIVE< to the slave         Even LOAN*15
Gn17-13a >CIRCUMCISE CIRCUMCISE<          Even not on 8th day*16
Dt16-20a >JUSTICE JUSTICE< pursue*17      Even if faulty verdict


NOTES
=====
*12 In this example >TO WHOM< the activity is done is
    enlarged. The activity is done to the person & relations
    In the 1st 4 examples the sentence is taken to refer not
    only to the person spoken to but >ALSO< to his
    children or parents (& hence the repetition)

*13 In this example, >HOW< you implement the activity
    is enlarged. You can do it by sword or by fire.
    You >should< initially hit by >sword<; but if you cant
    (eg there are no swords) then hit it in >ANY< way (eg
    burn the city). Hence the REPEATED WORD >HIT HIT<

*14 In this example >HOW< you implement the activity
    is enlarged. You can do it by water or liquid.
    You >should< initially cook by water; but if you cant
    (eg a water shortage) then cook it >ANY< way possible
    (eg cook it in liquid). Hence the REPEATED WORD >COOK<

*15 If this example >HOW< you do the activity is enlarged.
    You can do it by charity or by loan.
    eg If the slave is proud and doesnt want to take
    charity then >GIVE< him by loaning(hence the double
    language)

*16 In this example >WHEN< you do the activity is enlarged.
    Sometimes you circumcise on the 8th day & sometimes on
    other days. The Talmud Sabbath 135b and Rambam
    Circumcision 1:5 gives several examples one of which is
    the following: >If you purchased a slave for her
    children ...then the children are circumcised on
    the day that they are born<(Technically speaking it
    may be more desirable to derive this law from a
    comparison of Gn17-12 and Gn17-13 which function as
    >REPEATED VERSES< (not repeated words). But this will
    suffice for now).

*17 In this example >TO WHOM< you do the activity is enlarged
    You can do justice to either an innocent or guilty person
    Eg If the person really was >guilty< but he was accidentally
    acquitted and then you found out then you should still
    pursue the >JUST< verdict even though he doesnt deserve it
    (Note that this verse could equally have been placed in
    METHOD 3). Note that Rashi actually says >JUSTICE JUSTICE:
    Give him a nice court<. But we have cited the law in Rambam
    Courts Chapter 11-1 which is more focused and specfic and
    is consistent with the other Rashis.




#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2001 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*

            THE 2 DOZEN RASHI-IS-SIMPLE RASHI RULES
            =======================================

I: RASHI gives MEANING
======================
    A: NEW MEANINGS--(eg)"on the face of"=during the lifetime
       Volume 2 Number 9, http://www.rashiyomi.Com/Nu04-04a.htm

    B: SPECIAL WORDS--(eg)ACH=USUALLY;USUALLY observe shabbath!
       Rashi Yomi Summaries,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Ach-6.htm

    C: SYNONYMS--(eg)AMR=to speak; DBR=to cite or to quote;
       Volume 2 Number 1, http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Lv20-02a.htm

    D: WORD MEANINGS-Thermos(TzNTzNTh)=doubly(TZN TZN) Cold(TZN)
       Volume 1 Number 9,23,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Ex31-15a.htm


    E: UNIFIED MEANINGS-PAAM=Repeated action:To Ring,Hammer,Step
       Volume 1 Number 3,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Gn41-08a.htm




II: RASHI teaches GRAMMAR/STYLE
===============================
    F: CLASSICAL GRAMMAR--(eg)QUESTION = HEY+CHATAF PATACH
       Volume 3 Number 22,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Gn04-09z.htm

    G: USAGE(NEW GRAMMAR)--(eg)INFINITIVE="be involved in";
       Volume 5 Number 24,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Ex13-03a.htm

    H: ROOT+PREPOSITION--(eg)ChZK B="to hold";ChZK M="overpower"
       Volume 1 Number 7,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Ex04-04a.htm



    I: THE SENTENCE--2 verses can make 1 sentence-eg Dt02-16:17
       Volume 3 Number 7,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Dt19-06a.htm



    J: STYLE--REPETITION denotes Endearment;eg 'Jacob Jacob'
       Volume 1 Number 12,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Gn46-02a.htm

    K: DOUBLE NOUNS--(eg)"GIVE GIVE";if not CHARITY then LOAN
        Double Noun page, http://www.RashiYomi.Com/DN.htm

    L: PRONOUNS-(eg)IMCHAH=with you; ITCHAH=Accompanying you;
      Volume 3 Number 13,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Ex22-24c.htm




III: OVERALL TEXTUAL STRUCTURE
==============================
    M: OTHER VERSES--Aaron SAW(Ex32-05)...the brawl(Ex32-18)
       OTHER VERSE page, http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ov.htm

    N: EXTRA SENTENCES-eg[GIVE HIM][WHAT HE NEEDS](Not if rich)
       Volume 2 Number 20,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Dt15-08c.htm

    O: DOUBLE PARSHAS-'he WILL pray'-'he WON'T pray';So Optional
       Volume 3 Number 12,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Dt24-14a.htm

    P: CLIMAX-(eg Dt19-11)(a)Hate, (b)spy, (c)confront,(d)Murder
       Climax Page, http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Climax.htm

    Q: OVERALL STRUCTURE-growing nails=despisement(from context)
       Volume 3 Number 8,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Dt21-11a.htm

    R: SPREADSHEETS-What is the marriage loophole in inheritance
       Volume 2 Number 23,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Nu36-03a.htm





IV: BEYOND THE TEXT
===================
    S: MORAL LESSONS/REASONS-God explains BEFORE punishing;
       Volume 2 Number 12,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Nu12-09a.htm

    T: RabbiIshmael-(eg)"When an OX gores";(Or ANY animal gores)
       Volume 4 Number 21,http://www.RashiYomi.Com/Dt25-04a.htm


                        End of Rashi-Is-Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2001 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*