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               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 13 Number 19
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h13n19.htm

                 Produced April 18th, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)


OVERVIEW OF HILIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?
ITEMWHATS NEW & HOT IN THIS ISSUE
WORKBOOKWe are embarking on a Rashi Workbook Project*1
ALIGNMENTThis whole issue is devoted the ALIGNMENT method
COMMENTS

*1 Over the next year or so we will be writing modules for
   the 2-4 dozen basic Rashi skill competencies needed for
   learning Rashi. These modules will then be gathered into
   a workbook which can be used at home or in schools In
   the meantime each of these modules is usable in actual
   schools or home-schooling situations.




Rashis covered in this issue
VERSERULEBRIEF DESCRIPTION
==============================================================
Lv19-03bALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
Lv19-04cALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
Lv19-05aALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
Lv19-05bALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
Lv22-29aALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
Lv22-29bALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
Lv07-16aALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
Lv19-05dALIGNMENT3 illustrations of the ALIGNMENT method
----------------------------------------------------------------


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Lv19-03b

RASHIS COVERED: Lv19-03b Lv19-04c Lv19-05a Lv19-05b
                Lv22-29a Lv22-29b Lv07-16a Lv19-05d




THE ALIGNMENT METHOD


----------------------------------------
TODAYS RASHI RULE:       ALIGNMENT
TODAYS RASHI SUBRULE:    FURTHER NUANCES
----------------------------------------

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RULE
-------------------------
Many Rashis do NOT focus on an internal analysis of the verse.
There may be nothing bothering Rashi in THAT verse. The words
used may all be normal.

But when the given verse is compared with another verse--that
is, when the two verses are ALIGNED together-- we see blatant
differences.

The ALIGNED verses therefore suggest that these ALIGNED
DIFFERENCES were deliberately placed there to emphasize
certain nuances. The standard example will illustrtae this.


STANDARD EXAMPLE
----------------
Recall that the Moabite King BALAK was apprehensive about
Israel journeying throught its territory. It wanted Israel
banished. It hired a professional curse-man, Bilam who would
curse the Jews. Bilam however describes his job SLIGHTLY
differently. Here are the verses.

-----------------------------------------------
BALAK: Nu22-06 I will banish Jews FROM THE LAND
BILAM: Nu22-11 ...... banish Jews -------------
-----------------------------------------------


EXERCISE
--------
To fully appreciate Rashi perform the following 2 exercises
- What is the minor difference between the aligned verses?
- What NUANCE do YOU think this implies?


RASHIS SOLUTION
---------------
BALAK only wanted Jews away from his land; his goals were
political. By contrast, BILAM wanted them DESTROYED. Hence...

BALAK wanted Jews BANISHED FROM THE LAND. But Bilam wanted
them BANISHED PERIOD (That is destroyed).


STANDARD REFERENCES FOR THIS RULE
---------------------------------
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-58.htm

This summary may be a bit too terse. You can browse the
57 postings leading up to by going to
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-1.htm
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/align-2.htm etc.

Or you can visit the Rashi Yomi Calendar at

http://www.RashiYomi.com/calendar1.htm

This calendar presents a day by day listing of Rashis.
The ALIGNMENT series occurs between 7-28-01 and 10-10-01.


HOW TO USE THESE LISTS FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS
------------------------------------------
You can use the LISTS referenced above for
school projects. Here is how. If you are a
teacher then you can present the two aligned
verses and ask the students to perform the
following exercises

-- What are the minor differences between the verses
-- What nuances do they imply

The students can then compare their analysis with that
of Rashis. This leads to greater appreciation of Rashi.


TODAYS EXAMPLE
--------------
We present several examples of alignment. This will be
done over 3 lists covering 3 sets of aligned verses.
1st-We compare the two verses requiring HONOR/FEAR of PARENTS
The order is different. This is one of those cases where
the childs formulation of Rashi will usually be the same
as Rashi himself. We therefore encourage studying
these alignment Rashis.

2nd-We compare several verses prohibiting manufacture of
idols. The grammatical construction and the examples
chosen suggest 3 separate prohibitions: 2a) sculture
2b) customized orders 2c) Manufacture for export

3rd-We compare the sentences in the PEACE and THANK YOU
offering chapters. This is a remarkable comparison
of 2 pairs of 2 chapters which ONLY differ in the added
phrase OFFER IT DESIRABLY which Rashi, following
Chazal, interprets as meaning WITH PROPER INTENTION.
Here is the first list dealing with HONOR/FEAR of parents.
VERSEPHRASE1PHRASE2
Lv19-03bFearMother and Father
Ex19-12HonorFather and Mother
Dt05-16HonorFather and Mother
Differs*1*1
COMMENTS

*1 These sentences differ only*10 in the word order. One Verse
   lists the MOTHER before the FATHER while the other verse
   lists the FATHER before the MOTHER

   Rashi is Simple

   The Torah emphasizes what is lacking.
   - Fathers are usually demanding, encouraging FEAR while
   - Mothers are usually soft, encouraging RESPECT.

   Hence
   - Children usually fear father--so emphasize fear of mother
   - Children usually honor mother--so emphasize honoring father


LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Actually the verb in Lv19-03b comes after the object;
    - HONOR your parents vs
    - Your parents SHOULD BE FEARED
    I frequently omit some word order differences in
    aligned verses to hilight more emphatically certain
    differences.

    Here, I have deviated from the Biblical order to
    emphasize the alignment of MOTHER/FATHER. I dont know
    why the VERB OBJECT order is different in these 2 verses.




ALIGNMENT: NUANCES


This is LIST 2 in todays posting. We study 3 verses prohibiting
MAKING idols. From subtle nuances of grammar and case studies
we infer 3 nuances of prohibition
VERSEPHRASE1PHRASE2PHRASE3
Lv19-04cDont makefor yourselvesmolten idols
Ex20-03Dont makefor yourselfsculptured idols
Ex34-17Dont makefor yourselfmolten idols
Differ*1*2*2
COMMENTS

*1 This is the same in all 3 verses. They all prohibit
   MAKING IDOLS. The question then arises as to what the
   word MAKING can refer to.

*2 A brief summary is presented in this footnote. For
   a complete derivation see Footnote *10

   The Bible prohibits in these 3 verses ANY type of idol
   making whether
   - you personally sculpture/make it (Ex20-03)
   - you have it made for you (Lv19-04c)
   - you manufacture it for export.

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 We defend the above analysis using ideas of Malbim (&
    augmented by us). We proceed in 5 stages
    - THE POSSIBLE MEANINGS OF make
    - SCRIPTURAL SUPPORT FOR THESE MEANINGS
    - HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE 3 MEANINGS(Grammar/context)
    - DERIVATION OF THE LAWS
    - COMMENT ON THE ALIGNMENT METHOD


  - THE POSSIBLE MEANINGS OF make
  -------------------------------
  In most languages the word MAKE can refer to several things
   -- It can refer to MAKING an OBJECT
   -- It can refer to HAVING SOMETHING made for you
   -- It can refer to DIRECTING A MANUFACTURING PROCESS

  - SCRIPTURAL SUPPORT FOR THESE MEANINGS
  ---------------------------------------
   The Malbim (to whom we acknowledge most of this analysis)
   cleverly finds 1 verse with both nuances (Ex32-35)

   ---------------------------------
   God punished the nation because
   THEY MADE the Golden calf
   which AARON MADE
   ---------------------------------

   Clearly AARON MADE=SCULPTORED the idol while the
   nation MADE=HIRED AARON to make the idol.

   Other examples of people DIRECTING an act vs ACTUALLY
   doing it may be found in
   - Gn50-10 (Joseph DIRECTED a national mourning for Jacob
   - Ex37-01 (Bezalel DIRECTED making the ark)

   - HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE 3 MEANINGS
   -------------------------------
   -Ex20-03 refers to SCULPTURED idols and hence refers to
   personally making them.

   -Lv19-04 uses the PLURAL (MAKE FOR YOURSELVES) while
   the other 2 verses use the SINGULAR (MAKE FOR YOURSELF)
   Hence Lv19-04 refers to making in the context of a plurality
   It refers to HIRING or DIRECTING someone else to make it
   for you.

   -Ex34-17 which refers to MOLTEN IDOLS necessarily refers
   to a MANUFACTURING process (Since individuals dont
   make molten objects by themselves--though they do sculpture
   themselves).

   - DERIVATION OF THE LAWS
   ------------------------
   Note: The laws are NOT derived as a number game. We do NOT
   say THERE ARE 3 VERSES and HENCE THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF
   PROHIBITIONS. Rather the 3 verses, as just indicated
   describe three different types of production

   - Ex20-03 prohibits SCULPTURING
   - Lv19-04 prohibits HAVING MADE FOR YOU
   - Ex34-17 prohibits MANUFACTURE

   Thus the law prohibits ANY type of idol production
   whether for export, by someone else or by oneself.

   - COMMENT ON THE ALIGNMENT METHOD
   ---------------------------------
   Despite the brilliance of the above derivation the reader
   may feel I am splitting hairs; the reader may feel that
   this is not the simple intended meaning of the text.

   To this I would respond that the derivation comes from
   the ALIGNMENT. THe fundamental principle of ALIGNMENT
   is that by using
   - DIFFERENT GRAMMAR (Plural vs SIngular)
   - DIFFERENT EXAMPLES (sculptored vs Molten)
   the Bible goes out of its way to tell us different
   components of the law.

   Perhaps then, this example of alignment should be
   better classified under the ALIGNMENTS THAT EMPHASIZE
   MULTIPLE COMPONENTS.




ALIGNMENT: NUANCES


We present here example 3 in this posting.
We align 4 chapters dealing with Thanksgiving/Thank-You
offerings. These 4 chapters form 2 sets of 2 chapters
There are 2 chapters on THANK YOU OFFERINGS and 2 chapters
on PEACE offerings.

Both chapter sets differ in a DESIRABILITY REQUIREMENT.
Rashi following the Talmud interpreted this to mean
that the offerings require PROPER INTENT at the time
of slaughter or they are invalid. This will be fully
explained in the footnotes.

Here are the 4 chapters which discuss these offering
procedures
Lv07-11:15Lv22-29:30Lv07-16:17Lv19-05:06
If a THANK YOU*1If a THANK YOUIf a PEACE*1If a PEACE
offer on Matzoh*2
DESIRABLY*3DESIRABLY
Eat it that day*4Eat that day*4Eat that day& next..day&next
No leftover @ dawnNo left @ dawnon 3rd burn leftburn on 3
COMMENTS

*1 Rashi (lv07-16a) uses the principle that
   --------------------------------------------
   The Bible indicates Paragraph structure by
   skillfully using repeated keywords
   --------------------------------------------

   Thus the structure of Lv07-11:17 is as follows
   ----------------------------------------------
   Lv07-11 These are the PEACE OFFERING LAWS
   Lv07-12 IF you offer a THANK YOU OFFERING then...
   '
   Lv07-16 IF you offer a VOLUNTARY/OBLIGATORY offering
   '
   ----------------------------------------------

   The repeated KEYWORD IF indicates TWO SEPARATE
   paragraphs. That is there are two types of PEACE
   OFFERINGS

   - There is the THANK YOU PEACE OFFERING
     This is brought when you THANK GOD for being
     saved from danger. You only have 1 Day and
     night to eat it and it is brought with MATZOH

   - There are all other types of PEACE OFFERINGS
     whether OBLIGATORY or VOLUNTARY. THese are
     eaten for 1 day, 1 night and 1 day and are
     not brought with Matzoh.

   These differences in detail will be seen in
   the footnotes. BUt the FACT of two types of
   PEACE OFFERINGS may be inferred from the
   repeating KEYWORD, IF

*2 Notice how ONLY the THANK YOU OFFERING has verses
   dealing with MATZOH. Hence only the THANK YOU
   OFFERING has ACCOMPANYING MATZOHS but not the
   ordinary PEACE OFFERING

*3 We have shortened the verse to save space. The
   full verse reads as follows
   --------------------------------------------------
   if you offer these sacrifices then OFFER it DESIRABLY*10
   --------------------------------------------------

   Note how this REQUIREMENT of DESIRABILITY is
   an important difference in the repetition of the
   sacrifice chapters. Thus the ALIGNMENT method shows
   us that this DESIRABILITY is
   REQUIRED.

   The SIMPLEST interpretation of this DESIREABLE
   requirement is that the offerer of the sacrifice
   should see to it that the sacrifice is PLEASING
   AND DESIRABLE TO GOD--that is, that the sacrifice
   should comply with ALL requirements (eg it should
   only be eaten for 1 day and 1 night (or 1 day,
   1 night and 1 day etc).*11


*4 These clauses show one principle difference between
   the PEACE OFFERING vs the THANK YOU offering.
   -- The THANK YOU offering is eaten THAT DAY &
      the NEXT NIGHT

   -- OTHER PEACE Offerings are eaten that DAY, the
      next NIGHT and the following DAY.

   So for example if a THANK YOU OFFERING and
   PEACE offering were offered on SUNDAY. Then

   -- The THANK you offering can be eaten SUNDAY
      and SUNDAY NIGHT but not MONDAY MORNING

   -- The PEACE OFFERING, by contrast, can be
      eaten, SUNDAY, SUNDAY NIGHT and MONDAY BY
      DAY (But cannot be eaten MONDAY NIGHT)

LONGER FOOTNOTES

*10 Some sample verses which give the flavor of this
    translation (Resh-Tzade-Hey means DESIRABLE) are
    presented by Radack in his book ROOTS

    ---------------------------------------------------
    1Sam29-04 How else can this slave PLEASE his master
    2Chr10-07 If you PLEASE this nation ..they will serve you
    Dt33-24   May Joseph be DESIRABLE to his brothers
    Jr14-12   I dont find their sacrifices DESIRABLE
    Lv19-07   it is disgusting & UNDESIRABLE
    ---------------------------------------------------

    PLEASE here is used in the sense of MAKE DESIRABLE
    Rashi on Lv19-05d also translates Resh-Tzade-Hey
    this way.

*11 Ah...but Rashi doesnt ONLY interpret the verse
    in this simple way. After giving this simple
    interpretation
    --------------------------------------------
    This DESIRABLE CLAUSE indicates that when
    offering these sacrifices the offerer
    should have in mind to comply with all
    requirements such as the required time lines
    in which the sacrifice is eaten That is
    the offerer should intend to become DESIRABLE
    to GOD by following His Will
    --------------------------------------------

    After giving this simple interpretation Rashi
    adds
    ---------------------------------------------
    AND our sages have FURTHER interpreted this
    DESIRABLE CLAUSE to indicate that if you
    offer a sacrifice in a habitual way without
    thinking about it then it is invalid
    ---------------------------------------------

    The simplest interpretation of this added
    clause in Rashi is that
    - Rashi WAS NOT INFERRING this from the verse
    - Rashi WAS INFERRING this using GENERALIZATION

    In other words, recall that one of the Rabbi
    Ishmael principles is that every simple verse
    should be generalized. So Dt25-04a states
    -----------------------------------------
    Dont muzzle an ox while threshing
    -----------------------------------------

    Because of the Rabbi Ishmael style rule we
    interpret this to mean
    ------------------------------------------
    Dont muzzle ANY animal while DOING ITS WORK
    ------------------------------------------

    Similarly for example Ex21-28a describes the
    damages payable for torts by oxen. Because
    of the Rabbi Ishmael rule this law applies to
    damage done by ANY animal.


    For a discussion and further examples please revu
    http://www.Rashiyomi.com/example4.htm

    Returning to our verse we see that the verse,
    as a result of alignment, indicates that when
    we offer a peace offering we are required to
    intend desirability to God and do it the way He
    wants.

    However Rabbi Ishmaels GENERALIZATION rule then
    requires us to GENERALIZE this: ANY lack of
    intent (such as doing the sacrifice habitually
    without thinking) invalidates it.

    In summary
    - the verse states OFFER IT DESIRABLY
    - the simple meaning is INTEND TO DO AS GOD ASKS
    - the GENERALIZED MEANING is to have INTENT on
      all aspects of the sacrifice



RASHI RULE USED: ALIGNMENT


#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest
#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#