Rashi-Is-Simple Mailing List
             VISIT the RASHI DATABASE archives AT
                  http://www.RashiYomi.com/
                  Surfing the Talmudic Seas

               (C) RashiYomi Incorporated, 2002
               Written by Dr Russell Jay Hendel

                     Volume 12 Number 23
          For the WORD QUALITY HTML VERSION click here
               -----------------------------------
               http://www.Rashiyomi.com/h12n23.htm

                 Produced January 22nd, 2002

       WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)

`          Whats new and hot in this issue?

*1 For example in the past we found 9 examples where
   THE INFINITIVE denotes ONGOING ACTIVITY. Today we bring
   2 more. Similarly we bring other examples of the OTHER VERSE
   technique or of the 13 methods of INFERRING WORD MEANINGS.

   Every now and then we embard on these REVIEWS. They help
   new members of the group review old rules.

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: v9-1-25a

Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 09:43:36 +0100
From: "Gyorgy Kozma" 
To: 
Subject: Re: DAILY RASHI: THe Names of Jacobs 12 children: #2

Well, Dr. Hendel, how does LEVI mean LOVE?
Does it not "accompany"?

Uri Kozma


ANSWER
-------
Uri

*1)
If you look up the root Lamed-Vav-Hey in RADACKs
book of roots you will find 2-4 meanings as follows

-- TO ACCOMPANY                 Ecc8-15
-- TO LOAN                      Neh 5-4
-- TO COMFORT MOURNERS          Job3-5
-- LOVERS EMBRACE               1K7-36

*2)
Before proceeding note that the Hebrew root Chet-Beth
also means both LOAN and LOVE (ChiBBah means ENDEARMENT)

*3)
The root Lamed-Vav-Hey occurs in the description of the
Kerubim who were INTERTWINED AS TWO LOVERS.

*4)
But we neednt go that far. In the chapter on the names
of Jacobs children we have Leahs explicit statement
------------------------------------------------
This time my Husband will ACCOMPANY/LOVE me
therefore HE called his name LOVE/ACCOMPANY
------------------------------------------------

In other words, in the context of marriage, ACCOMPANIMENT
means LOVE(But to be fair to your question Radack takes
this verse (Gn29-34) as meaning ACCOMPANY)

Hope this satisfies your curiosity

Russell Hendel; http://www.RashiYomi.Com/

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc. 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex18-08a

RASHIS COVERED: Ex18-04a Ex18-08a

BACKGROUND
----------
One of the major Rashi functions is to use OTHER VERSES to
- confirm a given verse
- enrich a given verse with further details
- resolve contradictions between a given verse and others
In other words, while certain Rashis focus on the meaning and
grammatical nuances of verses other Rashis focus on the
interaction of a given verse and OTHER VERSES.


REFERENCES
----------
An overview of the 6 Rashi goals may be found at
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
In the following URL
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
we outline 6 methods by which Rashi cites OTHER VERSES

A GOOD EXAMPLE
---------------
Here is a good example illustrating this technique
Dt26-05d states
-------------------------
a FEW Jews came to Egypt
-------------------------

Rashi confirms this verse with an OTHER VERSE, Gn46-27
-----------------------------------------
Jacob went down to Egypt with 70 people
-----------------------------------------
Thus the OTHER VERSE enriches the original verse by
giving more details (It explains that FEW in this case
means 70)


THE LIST
-----------
We present two lists. In each list we illustrate one usage
of the OTHER VERSE technique. The first list below illustrates
the OTHER VERSE method of ENRICHMENT WITH OTHER DETAILS

This list is a condensed version of the verses found
at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/other-20.htm. We add today the
verse, Ex18-04a, GOD SAVED ME, MOSES, FROM PHAROH, which
is confirmed by a cross reference to Ex02-15, AND PHAROH
TRIED TO KILL MOSES. The footnotes provide further details

In this LIST, the column header OTHER refers to the OTHER
VERSE; similarly the column header TOPIC OF OTHER refers
to the topic of the OTHER VERSE which enriches and provides
more details to the original verse.

*1 Ex02-15 Explicitly states
   -----------------------------------------
   Pharoh tried to kill Moses, & Moses fled
   -----------------------------------------
   Moses had killed an Egyptian taskmaster who was beating a Jew
   When Pharoh heard this he tried to kill Moses See footnote
   *10 for further details in Rashi.

*6 Thus the Korach rebellion gives details on HOW ANGRY God
   would get if the Levites or Priests had their jobs inteferred
   with

*7 THe exact same phrase
   ---------------------------------
   Because Abraham obeyed my voice
   ---------------------------------
   is used in both Gn22-18 and Gn26-05. Hence it is natural
   to link them and say that they refer to each other.

*10 The actual text of Rashi has 4 clauses as follows
    -------------------------------------------------------------
    - When Dathan and Aviram slandered me to Pharoh and
    - told him that I killed the Egyptian (Ex02-15)
    - Pharoh tried to kill me (Ex02-15)
    - But God made Moses neck like marble;no sword could kill him
    -------------------------------------------------------------

    From our point of view the emphasis in Rashi is to be found
    in the 2 inner clauses which cross references
    a verse that Pharoh heard about the murder of the
    Egyptian and tried to kill Moses. This justifies our
    classifying this Rashi using the technique of OTHER VERSES.

    We therefore regard the added two clauses -- that it
    was Datan & Aviram who slandered Moses; that Moses neck
    became like marble and Pharoh couldnt kill him--as additional
    information; it however is not Rashis main point and is
    not necessary for classifying this Rashi as dealing
    with other verses

    The assertion that Datan and Aviram told Pharoh that Moses
    killed an Egyptian is a reasonable conjecture. See the
    following URL for a defense

    http://www.RashiYomi.Com/ex01-13a.htm

    The statement that God made Moses neck like marble
    and no sword could kill him comes from the Exodus
    Rabbah Midrash 1:31. It seems from a detailed reading
    of this Midrash that the phrase
    -------------------------
    MADE HIS NECK LIKE MARBLE
    -------------------------
    is a metaphor that MOSES HAD STRONG RESISTANCE.

    The use of NECK as a symbol of RESISTANCE is a Biblical
    metaphor. See the following URL for a justification

    http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n14.htm  (See v1a45-14)

    The Midrash Rabbah explains that it was highly unlikely
    that Moses could escape a government that was after him
    WITHOUT INSIDE HELP. The Midrash Rabbah coins the by
    now well know phrase that Pharohs advisers
    -- saw no evil (didnt tell where Moses was)
    -- heard no evil(didnt reveal his whereabouts)
    -- said no evil (denied having conversations with him)

    In other words, Moses was a member of the Royal household
    and the staff there defended his murder.

OVERVIEW
--------
The first LIST in this posting presented an overview  of the
technique of OTHER VERSES. In the present list Rashi uses
MULTIPLE OTEHR VERSES to confirm a rationale for Moses
behavior.

THE TEXT
--------
The Biblical text states that
---------------------------------------------------
Moses told Jethro all the miracles God did in Egypt
---------------------------------------------------

THE RASHI
----------
Rashi gives a hypothetical RATIONAL for Moses behavior.
Rashi suggests that Moses was trying to get Jethro to
leave his old religion and join the Jews.

THE LIST
--------
Rashi said this because of a variety of OTHER VERSES
that support this thesis. The list of these OTHER
VERSES is presented below. Thus this Rashi illustrates
the technique of PROOF BY MULTIPLE OTHER VERSES.

   *11 See http://www.Rashiyomi.com/ex18-01b.htm

    We discuss several verses in Judges which seem to indicate
    that Jethro founded a FRIENDS OF JETHRO SOCIETY. There
    object was to encourage observance and respect for the
    Jewish God.

RASHI RULE USED: OTHER VERSES

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#

VERSE: Ex18-22b

RASHIS COVERED: Ex13-03a Ex20-08a Nu06-23a Dt15-10a Dt09-21a
                Dt03-06a Nu25-17a Dt16-01a Dt01-15c Dt27-01a
                Ex18-22b Dt31-26a

OVERVIEW
--------
In this posting Rashi reviews certain principles of grammar.
Recall the fact that the 3 basic tenses are PAST, PRESENT,
and FUTURE.

THE GERUND
----------
Most languages have grammatical forms indicating ongoing activity
For example the word RUNNING in the sentence I TRIPPED WHILE
RUNNING indicates, not RUNNING at one point of time, but rather
ONGOING RUNNING over a period of time.

In English this ongoing activity is indicated by the ING of
the Gerund form. In Hebrew, according to Rashi, the INFINITIVE
is used to indicate ONGOING activity.

AN EXAMPLE
----------
The Hebrew root for REMEMBER is ZAYIN-CHAPH-RESH. The command
form is ZeChOR--remember. The infinitive form is ZaChOR--TO
REMEMBER. Hence Rashi interprets Ex13-03a, not as, REMEMBER
THE SABBATH, but rather as BE INVOLVED IN REMEMBERING THE
SABBATH. The legal consequences of such an interpretation are
that A PERSON SHOULD BUY GOOD FOOD FOR THE SABBATH EACH DAY
OF THE WEEK (because the REMEMBERING must be ONGOING).

THE LIST
--------
The following list contains several infinitives which Rashi
interprets as ONGOING activity. The list is copied from
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/inf-3.htm, with 2-3 additions
in the past few months. Today we add Ex18-22b and
Dt03-06a. The footnotes explain further details.

*1 Added Jan 21 2002

*2 The full verse states
   --------------------------------------------------
   We destroyed them the same way we destroyed Sichon:
   DESTROYING populated cities, the women and children
   --------------------------------------------------

   The idea seems to be that this war was not won in 1 battle
   Rather after winning the war the conquest was ONGOING
   and CONTINUED over a series of battles. Hence the verse uses
   the GERUND to impart the flavor of a CONTINUING WAR
   rather than a war/battle that took place at one point
   of time

*3 Jethro had just advised Moses to create a Judicial
   system with a hierarchy of Judges. In the old system Moses
   judged every case. In the new system Moses would only
   judge the difficult cases while the routine cases would
   be judged by appointed judges. Such a setup would
   CONTINUOUSLY EASE MOSES BURDEN.

*4 Added Oct 25 2001

RASHI RULE USED: GRAMMARr

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#


VERSE: Ex18-12a

RASHIS COVERED: Ex18-12a Ex18-12b

BACKGROUND
----------
It is well known that there were sacrifices in the temple. There
were in fact 3 types of sacrifices. Examples of these types are
- OLAH was    ANIMAL SACRIFICE & NOTHING EATEN by OWNER
- SHLAMIM was ANIMAL SACRIFICE &         EATEN by OWNER
- MINCHAH was PLANT  SACRIFICE & NOTHING EATEN by OWNER

There were a variety of other sacrifices. SIN and GUILT
offerings had characteristics similar to the OLAH. Every
ANIMAL sacrifice had brought with it WINE LIBATIONS. These
wine libations had characteristics similar to MINCHAH.

TEXT
----
The BIBLE at various points speaks about OLAH & ZEVACH.
ZEVACH is a generic word meaning to SLAUGHTER. OLAH is also
a generic word meaning to go UP. We thus have two possibilities

#1
--
The PHRASE OLAH & ZEVACH is GENERIC:
The PHRASE OLAH and ZEVACH refers to ANY TYPE OF SACRIFICE

#2
--
The phrase OLAH & ZEVACH is SPECIFIC. OLAH refers to that
sacrifice called OLAH (even though the other sacrifices also
go up). ZEVACH refers to SHLAMIM sacrifices which like profane
meat were SLAUGHTERED & EATEN.

Which is it? *10

THE LIST
--------
The proper procedure in this case is not to use logic but
to review verses which use this idiom OLAH & ZEVACH. THe
LIST below brings 5 verses.
-- In 2 of these verses OLAH & ZEVACH has no special
significance. It seems to mean SACRIFICE

-- But in the last 3 verses the verse is clearly ENUMERATING
types of SACRIFICES. Thus in Dt12-27, for example, we are
told that OLAH and ZEVACH are treated in different manners:
The BLOOD is always poured on the altar but the meat of
ZEVACH is eaten while the meat of OLAH goes to heaven.
Hence it is reasonable to infer that OLAH & ZEVACH are
used specifically not generally.

THE RASHI
---------
Having inferred that OLAH & ZEVACH are specific Rashi proceeds
to comment on the other verses; OLAH means the OLAH
sacrifice while ZEVACH means the SHLAMIM sacrifice.

Here is the list

*10 One can NOT use an argument of TWO WORDS vs ONE. That is
   one cannot argue that since the Bible uses 2 words each
   word MUST have a distinct meaning. In fact the BIble
   can sometimes use 2 words when one word would suffice
   For example the BIblical phrase THE ACCOUNT OF EACH
   DAY AND DAY simply means THE DAILY ACCOUNT
   (The phrase DAY AND DAY (vs DAY) has no
   special significance).

   In other words there are many
   Biblical phrases which use 2 words and have the same
   meaning as one word. So we dont know if OLAH & ZEVACH
   refers to SACRIFICES or to OLAH SACRIFICES & SHLAMIM

RASHI RULE USED: WORD MEANINGS

#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi Inc., 2002, Dr. Hendel, President #*#*#*#*#



          THE 6 RASHI RULE CLASSES(Version 3.2 Dec 15 2001)
                http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rules-01.htm
          Copyright Dec 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President

========================================================
THE DICTIONARY RULE: Rashi can function as a dictionary.
                     He presents 2-6 meanings of words
         REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/words.htm
========================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: AL means ON. AL can also mean
      - WITH (Eat Passover WITH matzoh Ex12-09e)
      - IN   (Place the Matzoh IN the basket Ex29-03)
      - TO   (The boards shall be even from bottom TO top Ex26-24c)
      - NEAR (His borders will be NEAR Tzison Gn49-13b)
      - AFTER(Offer Peace offerings AFTER the daily Lv03-05a)

* EXAMPLE 2: KI means IF,PERHAPS,RATHER,BECAUSE,WHEN,THAT
   Gn18-15a Gn24-33a

* EXAMPLE 3: YDA means FAMILIAR, not KNOW (eg Dt34-10a)
	   eg Gn04-01 Adam was FAMILIAR with his wife

* EXAMPLE 4: ON THE FACE OF means DURING THE LIFETIME
            Nu03-04a Gn11-28a Ex20-03c Dt05-07a

===========================================================
THE GRAMMAR RULE: Rashi comments on RARE or SIMILAR usages
        REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
===========================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: BA-ah means CAME;ba-AH means COMING(Gn46-26a)


* EXAMPLE 2:THE SENTENCE: 0.2% of Biblical sentences are 2verses
 -(Dt11-07:08) It was not your fathers who saw this;rather you

* EXAMPLE 3: Hitpael has different rules if 1st root letter is
   Tzade (USE: Ni-Tz-Ta-Dack not Ni-Th-Tza-Dack--Gn44-16a)

================================================================
THE CITATION RULE: Rashi enriches meaning by citing OTHER verses
         REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.Com/other-20.htm
================================================================
* EXAMPLE 1: Dt26-05d We went down to Egypt with A FEW PEOPLE
	    ENRICHED by Gn46-27: We went down with 70 people

* EXAMPLE 2: Lv01-05a Non-priests may SLAUGHTER offerings
	    This law DERIVED from explicit statement in 2Chr30-17

* EXAMPLE 3:Why does Rashi say that Chur is Miriams son(Ex17-10b)
	    DERIVED from possible interpretation of 1-Chr18-19

* EXAMPLE 4: Gn35-22a Reuven Slept with Bilhah(Fathers concubine)
	    Gn49-04  Reuven PLAYED with fathers BEDS
        CONCLUSION: Reuven inteferred with fathers personal
	life(ruffled bedspreads); Bible condemns Reuven by
	exaggeration; he is accused of incest which he didnt do

=================================================================
THE 3 RABBI ISHMAEL RULES: They govern style(broad vs literal)
REFERENCE:http://www.RashiYomi.com/example1.htm thru example9.htm
=================================================================

* EXAMPLE 1: Simple sentences are always GENERALIZED
            ---------------------------------------
	    Dt25-04a Dont MUZZLE an OX while it is THRESHING
	    Rabbi Ishmael: Dont STOP any ANIMAL from eating
			   while DOING ITS WORK
					
* EXAMPLE 2: GENERAL-EXAMPLE style always interpreted LITERALLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Nu05-12d (GENERAL) If a women DESECRATES her marriage
	   (EXAMPLE) and commits ADULTERY
	   Rabbi Ishmael: Nu05 only applies to ADULTERY.
	   It does not apply to other marriage DESECRATIONS
			
* EXAMPLE 3: GENERAL-EXAMPLE-GENERAL style intepreted SIMILARLY
            --------------------------------------------------
 Lv05-21b (GENERAL) If a man DENIES under oath
	  (EXAMPLE) ..denies a deposit,loan,theft,wages,lost item
	  (GENERAL) or ANY DENIAL which he denies
 RABBI ISHMAEL: These laws apply to any SIMILAR Example
 * The law applies to partnerships, movables and monetary objects
 * The law does not apply to real-estate or slander

=================================================================
THE CLIMAX RULE: The Bible should be interpreted in such a manner
                that it reflects CLIMACTIC development to a goal
             REFERENCE: http://www.RashiYomi.Com/example9.htm
=================================================================
 EXAMPLE 1: Dt19-11a If a man HATES, SPIES, CONFRONTS & KILLS
 RASHI: Bible identifies 4 stages to murder(Capped)

==============================================================
THE FORMATTING PRINCIPLE: Bible had its own method to mimic
                          bold, bullets, footnotes, paragraphs
==============================================================

* BOLD: Bible REPEATS words to obtain BOLD emphasis effect
          http://www.RashiYomi.Com/doubl-14.htm
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE 1:(Ex12-09c) COOK COOK it in water (So COOKED is bold)
  INFERENCE: Prefered to COOK it in water;
         But COOK It at all costs(Even if you dont have water)

* BULLETS: Bible indicates bullets by REPEATING KEYWORDS
  --------------------------------------------------------
 Who am I
 - THAT I should go to Pharaoh
 - THAT I should take the Jews out of Egypt (Ex03-11a)
 --------------------------------------------------------
 RASHI: Repeated word THAT creates BULLET effect
 - Pharoh was a difficult king (Bullet one)
 - Jews were not yet ready for freedom (Bullet two)

* FOOTNOTES: The Bible indicates FOOTNOTES by ALMOST DUPLICATING
	     verses but making small minor changes
                http://www.RashiYomi.Com/align-58.htm
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  EXAMPLE: Ex20-03a
  VERSE        PHRASE #1       PHRASE #2       PHRASE #3
  -------      ---------       ---------       ------------------
  Ex20-03      Dont            POSSESS  the gods of others
  Ex20-04      Dont            MAKE     idols

  RASHI: So both POSSESSion & MAKING of idols are prohibited
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

                           End of Rashi is Simple Digest

#*#*#*#*# (C) RashiYomi, 2001 Inc. Dr. Hendel President #*#*#*#*#