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VERSE: Gn32-29c
RASHIS COVERED: Gn32-29c Gn33-14d Gn33-14e
================================ Gn32-29c ===========================
Todays Rashi uses 3 principles.
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 main goals is to explain Grammar
the same way Hebrew textbooks explain Grammar.
One grammar method that overlaps with word
meaning is the NOUN-VERB-ADJ-TRANSFORMS method.
This method studies how words can change from
OBJECTS (noun) to ACTIVITIES (verbs) to ATTRIBUTES
(adjective).
EXAMPLE Gn33-14d Gn33-14e
-------------------------
Gn33-14 uses the Hebrew word for FOOT to describe PACE.
Rashi (Gn33-14d Gn33-14e) analyzes the word FOOTPACE
as follows
- FEET describe objects (NOUNS)
- WALKING is the STANDARD ACTIVITY of the FEET(Verb)
- PACE is the SPEED of walking(Adverbial
description of HOW FAST the walk is taking place).
Hence the adverbial PACE describes the standard
activity (Verb), walking, of the feet(Noun).
Note: PACE itself is a noun but it functions
adverbially as describing how fast the walk is.
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
One of Rashis 10 main goals is to give the meaning of
words the same way the dictionary gives meaning. We
call this the Rashi method of WORD MEANING.
Rashi had a variety of vehicles to present meaning.
Rashi frequently explained MULTI-WORD IDIOMS. An IDIOM
occurs when 1 or more words form a NEW MEANING not
directly equal to the meaning of the constituent words
of the IDIOM. We call this the SUBRULE of NEW MEANINGS
since the words acquire new meanings.
In acquiring NEW MEANINGS Rashi frequently used a
universal principle of all languages---METONOMY.
METONOMY refers to the capacity to name an item
by a related item (such as naming a PEOPLE, Americans,
by the LAND they live in, America)
EXAMPLE Gn33-14d
----------------
In Gn33-14d Jacob speaks about
------------------------------------
The pace of the WORK with me
------------------------------------
Rashi interprets MY WORK as referring to MY BUSINESS,
which in turn refers to MY FLOCK. Hence Rashi
translates the verse
---------------------------------------------------
I will go gently according to the PACE of the FLOCK
and the PACE of the children with me
---------------------------------------------------
Here Rashi uses the METONOMY principle. MY BUSINESS
refers to MY FLOCK.
SUCCINCT SUMMARY
----------------
Some Rashi comments deal with FORMATTING.
Modern authors FORMAT using such techniques as
BULLETS, PARAGRAPHING, BOLD, ITALICS and UNDERLINE.
The Biblical Author achieved these effects but thru
different means.
For example a modern author might hilight distinct
items using BULLETS. The Biblical Author hilights
distinct items using REPEATING KEYWORDS.
We call this the Rashi rule of FORMATTING with the Rashi
subrule of KEYWORDS AS BULLETS
EXAMPLE Gn32-29c
----------------
Gn32-29c states
-----------------------------------------------------
You will not be called Jacob
But you will rather be
called ISRAEL(FIGHTER)
Because you have fought
WITH LEADERS (Esauv)*1
WITH PEOPLE (Laban)
and been successful
-----------------------------------------------------
Here Rashi sees the repeating KEYWORD, WITH as
creating a BULLET effect. The BULLETs emphasize
that Jacob had two type of fight
- with LEADERS (Esauv)
- with PEOPLE (Laban).
LIST120j below summarizes this argument. Certain important
information on the Biblical text and the Rashi text are
also indicated.
EXAMPLE Gn33-14d Gn33-14e
-------------------------
Gn33-14 states
-------------------------------------------------------
Esauv you go ahead
I, Jacob, however,
will go gently
according
to the pace of*1 the flock*2
to the pace of the children
until we meet in
Seir
--------------------------------------------------------
Here the repeating keyword TO THE PACE OF creates a BULLET
effect. This BULLET effect emphasizes TWO ITEMS--
-- Jacob's concern over the flock not going quickly
-- Jacob's concern over the children not going quickly
LIST050d shows the justification of TRANSLATING FOOT
as referring to the activity of the feet, WALKING, or
the PACE of that activity.
LIST871d shows the justification of translating
the Hebrew word WORK=MY BUSINESS as referring to
MY FLOCK.
Finally LIST120i summarizes the above bulleting.
==================================================================
ITEM DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS: GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NOUN-VERB-ADJ-TRANSFORMS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW LIST050d
List of words with NOUNS becoming VERBS
---------------------- ----------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: BULLETS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS KEYWORDS AS BULLETS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #26
SEE BELOW LIST120i
BULLETED structure of Gn33-14-PACE of a)Flock b)Children
----------------------- ---------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: BULLETS
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS KEYWORDS AS BULLETS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #26
SEE BELOW LIST120j
BULLETED structure of Gn32-29a-Fought with a)Leaders b)People
----------------------- ---------------------------------
RASHI RULE CLASS: WORD MEANING
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS NEW MEANINGS
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #7
SEE BELOW LIST871d
List of idioms using Metonomy (Meaning by relation)
=====================================================================
========================== LIST120i =================================
BULLETED structure of Gn33-14-PACE of a)Flock b)Children
=====================================================================
TEXT of Gn33-14 KEYWORD BULLETS
===================== ==================== ==========================
Esauv you go ahead
I, Jacob, however,
will go gently
according
to the pace of*1 the flock*2
to the pace of the children
until we meet in
Seir
NOTES
-----
*1 In LIST050d we have shown that the word FOOT can connote
the activity of WALKING and can also connote the
PACE of the walking.
*2 The actual Biblical word used is WORK. However in LIST871d
we have interpreted this as follows
- WORK = BUSINESS
- MY WORK = MY BUSINESS = MY FLOCK
Here, WORK metonomically refers to the FLOCK
=====================================================================
========================== LIST120j =================================
BULLETED structure of Gn32-29a-Fought with a)Leaders b)People
=====================================================================
Text of Gn32-29a WITH BULLETS REFERENCE
============================= ==== ======= ==========================
You will not be called Jacob
But you will rather be
called ISRAEL(FIGHTER)
Because you have fought
with LEADERS (Esauv)*1
with PEOPLE (Laban)
and been successful
NOTES
-----
*1 The Biblical word uses is ELOHIM which can mean DIVINE entities
or LEADERS. Rashi's literal text is
-------------------------------------------------
YOU HAVE FOUGHT WITH PEOPLE: Rashi: Esauv,Laban
-------------------------------------------------
We think this text corrupt. It should preferably read
-------------------------------------------------------
YOU HAVE FOUGHT WITH LEADERS:Rashi: Esauv
YOU HAVE FOUGHT WITH PEOPLE: Rashi: Laban
-------------------------------------------------------
Here we interpret the word ELOHIM, profanely as referring
to Esauv.
It is also possible to interpret ELOHIM as referring to
the DIVINE entity, the Guardian Angel of Esauv.
=====================================================================
========================= LIST871d =============================
List of words which identify items with related items*1
================================================================
VERSE TEXT OF VERSE METONOMY(ITEM means RELATED ITEM)
======== ============== =================================
Gn33-14d (my) WORK My BUSINESS = My FLOCK,I work on
Gn24-64a SWAY at SIGHT Fell in Love*14
Gn24-64b SWAY at SIGHT Fell in Love*14
Dt09-08a OIL-OLIVE OLIVES known for producing OIL
Dt26-02b OIL-OLIVE OLIVES known for producing OIL
Dt11-29a BLESSINGS face THE BLESSORS face
Gn33-13d KNOCK Push/Urge on
Gn24-18a pitchr on HAND she lowered pitcher on her ARM
Ex30-13c HOLY coins Coins used in HOLY TEMPLE matters
Dt18-01c FIRES of God SACRIFICES offered on temple Fire
Gn25-22e Seek GOD Seek PROPHETIC ADVICE of God*8*10
Ex18-15b Seek GOD Seek PROPHETIC ADVICE of God*8*10
Ex14-25c EGYPT-the land Egyptians-the people*6
Gn24-32a opened MULES opened MUZZLE OF MULES
------- ------------ ------------------------------
Gn37-26b COVER blood CONCEAL murder
Gn37-26b cover BLOOD conceal MURDER
Dt29-19a SMOKING anger Anger that makes person HOT
Gn13-02a Abraham HEAVY Abraham-s assets NUMEROUS
Gn13-02a ABRAHAM heavy ABRAHAM-S ASSETS numerous
Gn06-16a The OIL WINDOW(For light);GLITTER-STONE(For lite
Gn06-16a The OIL AFTERNOON (The oil-light time)*12
Nu14-09a Our BREAD Our BREAD=Piece of CAKE(easy to comsume)
Nu01-51a LOWER Temple TAKE IT DOWN (analogy;RAISE it=BUILD it)
Nu01-16a The INVITED The DISTINGUISHED(you always invite them
Ex18-09a He SHARPED*11 Mirth at SHARP word or TWINGED from pain
Ex14-24a MORNING WATCH Guard Duty at DAWN*7
Gn49-09c ABOVE plunder REMOVED from plundering (Above it)*5
Gn49-05b VIOLENT TOOLS Criminal behavior*4
Gn45-18b FAT of land BEST of land
Gn45-08a FATHER to Phrh FRIEND/ADVISOR to Pharoh
Gn43-34a He gave LIFTS LIFTED THEIR SPIRIT-i.e. gifts
Gn41-35b HAND of Pharoh DOMAIN of Pharoh*2
Lv26-10b *9 Sign of PLENTY(have to remove old for nu
Lv26-04a *9 Sign of PLENTY-threshing seasn in HARVST
NOTES
-----
*1 Many examples in this list come from previous
list in the metonomy series (LIST871a,
LIST871b, LIST871c)
*2 See LIST871e for 6 Rashis mentioning this HAND=DOMAIN
theme
*3 See LIST871f for verses where NSA means GIFT
*4 Rashi citing the Midrash Rabbah states
-------------------------------------
Your violence is something you VIOLATED
from Esauv (You are killing like Esauv)
-------------------------------------
But I see no reason to see this Midrash
as the PRIMARY simple meaning of the
verse. The PRIMARY meaning of the verse
is that Shimon and Levi were criminals
The Midrash is simply adding a pun to this
observation.
*5 See LIST871g for some examples
*6 This is a common metonomy that occurs in English
(eg America-Americans etc).
Rashi is cute here: He EXPLAINS the metonomy
----------------------------------------------
When the soldiers die at sea their loved ones
back in Egypt also suffer and in effect are
smitten by God
----------------------------------------------
Rashi does not contradict the metonomy--he
simply shows why it is convenient to identify
the LAND and PEOPLE.
*7 The night was traditionally divided into three
times of Guard duty. The GUARD DUTY near dawn
was called the MORNING WATCH (Cf Ju07-19 for
confirmation that there was a BEGINNING WATCH, MIDDLE
WATCH and DAWN WATCH)
*8 The phrases SEEK GOD, SEEK IN GOD, occur in several
verses and denote SEEKING ADVICE OF GOD. Compare for
example (1S09-09, 1K22-08 or even 2K01-03 (Seeking
advice of idolatrous gods). For alternate meanings
see note *10.
*9 The exact verse text is
--------------------------------------------------
You will have to remove the old grain for the new
--------------------------------------------------
This means
---------------------
You will have plenty
---------------------
In other words removal of the OLD for the NEW
is simply something RELATED to PLENTY. The main
theme is plenty.
Similarly the Biblical text
------------------------------------------------------
The threshing season will bump into the harvest season
------------------------------------------------------
means
--------------------
you will have plenty
--------------------
Again the fact that we are STILL threshing when the
harvest comes is something RELATED to having plenty.
The main point is that there is PLENTY.
------------------------ LONGER FOOTNOTES -------------------
*10 On Gn25-22e there is a delightful Ramban Rashi controversy
Ramban points out that SEEK GOD can mean PRAYER. Rashi
holds it means PROPHETIC ADVICE. I brought about a dozen
verses which clearly show that
- SEEK GOD can and does refer to PRAYER
- SEEK GOD can and does refer to PROPHETIC ADVICE
- SEEK GOD can and does refer to BOTH Prayer/Prophecy
Hence I regard Ramban not as disagreeing with Rashi but
rather as complementing him. For further details see
http://www.Rashiyomi.com/gn25-22d.htm
*11 Clearly the Hebrew YeeChad comes from the root CHAD
which means SHARP. Rashi brings two opinions
- It means HE SHARPED (Mirthed at a SHARP WORD)
- It means HE TWINGED (Upset at PAINFUL news)
But Radack brings STRONG support that CHAD means
mirth. Indeed, in other verses, CHAD does mean
MIRTH (As in eg Neh08-10 or P021-07).
This controversy between Rashi and Radack
can be resolved Grammatically. The grammatical
form of VaYeeChad (Chirik, Patach) could come from
either
- INTENSE MODE of 1-2-Hey roots(Cheth-Daleth-Hey) or
- PASSIVE MODE of 1-2-2 roots(Cheth-Daleth-Daleth)
In the intense mode CHAD means MIRTH(Radack)
But in the PASSIVE MODE it would correspond to
RECEIVING (PASSIVE!) a SHARP twinge at hearing
bad news.
Hence the controversy is on the root and mode
of the word.
This explanation makes both viewpoints respectable
since Rashi would concede that CHEDVAH which
definitely comes from Cheth-Daleth-Hey means
MIRTH; Rashi could still maintain that Yee-Chad
means TWINGED since it comes from a different root
Rashi also points out that the translation
TWINGED would show that despite Jethros
happiness he still felt sorry for the Egyptians
thus showing the conflict between his past(non-jew)
and future (friend of Jews)
*12 AFTERNOON-LIGHT-OIL is an example of DOUBLE METONOMY
See LIST871c for other examples.
*13 Although Rashi comments on the phrase OIL-OLIVES the
phrase does not occur in Dt28-02b. This is obviously
a scribal error. (See sifsay Chachamim who "explains"
why the Rashi comments differ in the two verses. My
point of view is that Rashi is stating the same thing
and through a scribal error the Rashi was erroneously
repeated in Dt28-02b.
*14 The Hebrew root used is Nun-Pay-Lamed.
One naiive translation is FALL.
But EVEN if we translate this way we have Rashi reading
-------------------------------------------------
RASHI: She FELL AT SIGHT OF HIM--this means
----- She Fell in love with him at first sight
-------------------------------------------------
But Rashi goes deeper. Most people falling in love
do not fall down. Rather they feel dizzy and perhaps
sway. Rashi (as does the Radack) points out that
--------------------------------------------------
Nun-Pay-Lamed has a basic meaning of FALL. However
it can mean ANY RELATED meaning (METONOMY!).
Radack brings as examples
- sway
- being secondary
- military swoop on a camp
- to barge in on guests
--------------------------------------------------
Many other examples are given. For this reason we
have simply translated the Rashi as saying that
SWAY AT SIGHT = LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT.
===============================================================
======================= LIST050d =============================
List of words with NOUNS becoming VERBS
==============================================================
NOUN-VERB VERB Means TYPE
========== ======================================= ===========
To TENT*12 Pitch many tents for flocks/shepards Create
To ARM Make someone ARMED*11 Create
To Plant Creation (planting) of plants Create
To record To Create a record Create
To milk To Create(bring forth) milk Create
To fire*1 To Create a fire(e.g.in a furnace) Create
To build To Create a building Create
To worm To produce/bring forth Worms*2 Create
To BORDER To make borders*3 Create
EMBROIDER Make embroidery*4 Create
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
To Young Remove / cut the young grapes*9
To dust Removal of dust *5 Remove
To UpRoot To remove the roots(from the ground) Remove
To DeFrost To remove the frost Remove
Blood*6 To remove the blood (ie to KILL) Remove
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
To hammar Do Standard activity done with hammar Standard
To screw Do Standard activity done with screws Standard
To fan Do Standard activity done with a Fan Standard
To Dough Do standard activity with DOUGH*7 Standard
To Fly FLYING-Standard activity of Housefly Standard
To COAT To place coat on and tighten it*8 Standard
PACE PACE=speed of WALK=activity of FEET*14 Standard
--------- ------------------------------------ --------
ToBe Able ABILITY=STATE of TO BE ABLE STATE*10
NOTES
-----
*1 eg To FIRE a furnace
*2 Ex16-20b
*3 Ex19-12a
*4 Ex28-39a EMBROIDER the pants of LINEN
means make them embroidered
*5 Nu04-13b
*6 Lv17-04a
*7 As we have explained it TO DOUGH would mean
to BAKE. Actually we need another step. A verb
can refer to its ACTIVITY FORM. So the 2 steps are
- DOUGH becomes TO DOUGH=to BAKE
- TO DOUGH becomes TO SWELL (form of DOUGH rising)
See LIST814a for more details
*8 Ex29-05a
*9 Lv19-10a
------------------------ LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------
*10 Abstract State
*11 Nu31-03b
*13 Gn13-12a
*14 Rashi (Gn33-14d Gn33-14e) analyzes the word FOOTPACE
as follows
- FEET describe objects (NOUNS)
- WALKING is the STANDARD ACTIVITY of the FEET(Verb)
- PACE is the SPEED of walking(Adverbial
description of HOW FAST the walk is taking place).
Note: PACE itself is a noun but it functions
adverbially as describing how fast the walk is.
=============================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 28 Number 6
#*#*#*# (C) 2000-2005, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#
Volume 28 Number 6