#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
  -----------------------------------------------------------
  |      Rashi is Simple Version 2.0                         |
  |      (C) RashiYomi Inc., Dr Hendel President             |
  |       http://www.RashiYomi.Com                           |
  | PERMISSION to reprint WITH this header if NOT for profit |
  ------------------------------------------------------------


VERSE: Gn27-45a

RASHIS COVERED: Gn27-45a Gn31-38a Gn42-36a Gn42-36b Gn43-14g
                Gn43-14h Ex23-26b Dt07-14a Gn49-06f Lv27-45d


============= SYNONYMS MEANINGS TO LOSE CHILDREN #1 =============

 BACKGROUND
 ----------
 In todays posting we review SYNONYM WORDS which have to
 do with LOSING CHILDREN.

 We also review a UNIFIED MEANING of several diverse meanings
 of a word which means TO LOSE CHILDREN

 THE TEXT
 --------
 We bring verses for every meaning we list. We also illustrate
 Rashis pedagogic technique of covering all meanings of a root
 by simultaneously commenting on several verses each verse with
 one meaning.

 THE RASHI
 ---------
 Rashi explains that AKAR means to be BARREN, while SHCAL refers
 to either MISCARRIAGE or LOSING AN adult OR young CHILD.Finally
 Rashi explains that AKAR besides meaning miscarriage can mean
 UPROOTED, UPROOTED SOCIALLY, HAVE ONES FOUNDATIONS CUT.

 The LISTS are presented below. To make the exposition easier
 we present 4 lists
 -- the SYNONYM LIST for meanings of AKAR and SHCAL
 -- the 4 meanings of SHCAL with Biblical verses to support them
 -- the 5 meanings of AKAR with Biblical verses to support them
 -- the Rashis on these words
=================================================================
WORD    MEANING    VERSE    SAMPLE TEXT
=====   ========== ======== =====================================
AKAR    Barren     Gn11-30  Sarah was barren; she had no child
SHCAL   Miscarry   Isa49-21 How could I give birth & I MISCARRY
SHCAL   lose child 1Sa15-33 As you have MURDERED womens children
SHCAL   lose heir  1Sa15-33 So may your mothers child be killed*1

NOTES
=====
*1  My contention is that
    -The Hebrew ShCaL in the PIEL MODE means LOSE A small CHILD
    -The Hebrew ShCaL in the KAL MODE means LOSE AN adult CHILD
    Thus the Rashi technique used her would be the technique
    of ROOT + PREPOSITION. See footnote *10 *11 for details

----------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -----------------------

*10 This conjecture of mine that SHCAL+PIEL=LOSE SMALL CHILDREN
    while SCHAL+KAL=LOSE ADULT CHILDREN  does not occur in the
    traditional (or modern) list of meanings. It is a novelty
    of mine with very few examples. Nevertheless the few
    examples do point with statistical significance to a new
    meaning. Here are some statistics

    --There are 22 occurences of SHCAL in KAL or PIEL
    --18 (or 80%) occur in the Piel and refer either
      to miscarriages of losing small children
    --4 or 20% occur in the KAL. But these 4 seem to
      refer to losing BIGGER CHILDREN. The 4 verses are
      presented immediately below. Logically if we accept
      the traditional interpretation of PIEL as the
      INTENSE MODE then KAL would be a weaker grammatical
      mode and hence could apply to LOSING big CHILDREN
      vs LOSING small CHILDREN.

    The 4 verses where SCHAL occurs in the KAL and refers to
    loss of bigger children are
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    ---Gn43-14 referring to Jacobs loss of Joseph & Binyamin
    ---Gn27-45 referring to Rachels loss of Jacob and Isaac
    ---1S15-33 referring to King Aggags Mother
    ---Isa49-21 referring to the loss of Mother Jewish Community
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Note that in each case we can prove that the children lost
    were adults. E.g. It explicitly says that Joseph was 17
    years old (and hence not a small child). Thus SCHAL in
    Gn43-14 refers to a teenager (cf Gn37-02)

    Similarly King Aggag was a grown adult when Shmuel killed
    him---thus Aggags Mothers loss was the loss of an adult.
    Similarly in Isa49-21 Mother Jewish Community is mourning
    the loss of its adult members.

    Note that besides these 22 verses where SCHAL occurs in
    the KAL-PIEL there are 2 verses where it occurs in the
    HIFIL mode.

*11 As pointed out in footnote #10, SCHAL usually occurs
    in the PIEL tense. But the PIEL tense can mean NEGATION
    Thus the Hebrew word for TAKE ROOT--SHORESH-- when
    used in the PIEL, means to UPROOT. Similarly SCHAL which
    refers to a GRAPE CLUSTER (ESHCOL) would mean in the
    PIEL MODE, the FALLING OF THE GRAPE CLUSTER (symbolizing
    miscarriage or the loss of children)
=================================================================


============= SYNONYMS MEANINGS TO LOSE CHILDREN #2 =============

 BACKGROUND
 ----------
 The Hebrew root SHCHAL primarily means to MISCARRY.

 THE TEXT
 --------
 A variety of Biblical verses are brought showing 3-4
 distinct meanings *10

 THE RASHI
 ---------
 Rashi brings 3-4 meanings: Miscarriage, Burying ones
 adult or small children, grape cluster *11

=================================================================
MEANING             VERSE    TEXT OF SAMPLE VERSE
=================== ======== ====================================
Miscarry            Gn31-38  Your flock never MISCARRIED
Lose small chidren  1Sm15-33 As you have KILLED womens children
Lose adult children Gn27-45a Rachel worries about losing Isaac*1
Grape Clusters      Gn40-10  The GRAPE CLUSTERS grapes ripened


NOTES
=====
*1 I suggest that
   -the Hebrew root SCHAL in the PIEL mode
    means to bury SMALL children
   -the Hebrew root SCHAL in the KAL mode means to
    bury ADULT children

   See footnote #11 for further details.

-------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES ---------------------------

*10 As always in this email-list, the meanings of the root
    SCHAL, come from the RADACKs book, ROOTS. Interestingly
    RADACK includes the meaning GRAPE CLUSTER with the
    with other meanings referring to LOSING CHILDREN. By
    contrast Mendelkorn does not list ESCHOL under the root
    SCHAL.

    Clearly Mendelkorn is wrong. For it is well known in
    Hebrew that the PIEL mode can mean NEGATION. Let us
    give an analogy: The Hebrew root SHARESH means to TAKE
    ROOT. But in the PIEL mode this Hebrew root means to
    UPROOT. Similarly, the Hebrew root SCHAL which means
    GRAPE CLUSTER would in the PIEL mode mean A FALLING
    OF THE GRAPE CLUSTER (symbolizing a FALLING OF EMBRYOS,
    a miscarriage).

*11 Actually the distinction between burying BIG and SMALL
    children is a conjecture of mine. Rashi simply explains
    that the Hebrew root SCHAL can mean both to MISCARRY
    as well as to BURY CHILDREN.

    I conjecture based on a small but statistically significant
    number of verses that SCHAL in the PIEL MODE means to
    MISCARRY OR BURY SMALL CHILDREN while in the KAL mode it
    means to BURY BIG CHILDREN. The details of this were given
    in footnote 10 of the first table in this series.
=================================================================




============= SYNONYMS MEANINGS TO LOSE CHILDREN #3 =============

 BACKGROUND
 ----------
 The primary meaning of the Hebrew root AKAR is to UPROOT

 THE TEXT
 --------
 Several Biblical verses are brought showing 4 other
 meanings of this Root.

 THE RASHIS
 ----------
 Rashi explains that the Hebrew root AKAR can mean to
 UPROOT, to CUT FOUNDATIONS, to CUT THE FEET OF AN ANIMAL,
 TO UPROOT A PERSON SOCIALLY (make him an idolatry slave)
 or to be BARREN.

=================================================================
MEANING    VERSE   TEXT OF SAMPLE VERSE   RELATION TO UPROOT
=======    ======= ====================== =======================
UPROOT     Ecc3-2  UPROOT a PLANT         Main meaning of UPROOT
Cut Feet   Jos11-6 CUT theirs horses FEET LOOKS LIKE uprooting*1
Cut wheel  2Sam8-4 CUT the chariot WHEELS LOOKS LIKE uprooting*1
BARREN     Ps113-9 barren becomes MOTHER  Same FUNCTION as root*2
Slave      Lv25-47 a SLAVE to idolatry    Socially UPROOTED*3

NOTES
=====
*1 See URL http://www.RashiYomi.Com/naming-8.htm This URL
   describes the 8 METHODS BY WHICH THINGS ARE NAMED.

   Sometimes things are named by what they LOOK LIKE: For
   example the PENTAGON building looks like a PENTAGON; or
   SURFING the web, has the same BUMPY form of SURFING THE
   SEA; or CUTTING FEET or WHEELS has the same form as
   CUTTING ROOTS.

*2 See URL http://www.RashiYomi.Com/naming-8.htm This URL
   describes the 8 METHODS BY WHICH THINGS ARE NAMED.

   By contrast to e.g. PENTAGON which names items by what
   they look like, UN (United NATIONS) names a BUILDING
   not by its form but by its FUNCTION and PURPOSE. Similarly
   CAN OPENER or TYPEWRITER names an object by function.

   The FUNCTION of the ROOT is to help the plant give
   fruit; so an UPROOTED PLANT and BARREN WOMEN have lost
   the same FUNCTION (to be able to give birth).

*3 See footnote #2 for a discussion of naming things by
   FUNCTION.

   The EKER is a person who is sold as a slave to idols.
   This person performs all services of the idol (cleaning
   and maintenance) and is totally deprived of his ordinary
   life.

   A FUNCTION of the ROOT is to give the
   plant nourishment. So an UPROOTED PLANT and a SLAVE(TO
   IDOLATRY) are both cut off from major sources of
   life.
================================================================



============= SYNONYMS MEANINGS TO LOSE CHILDREN #4 =============

 BACKGROUND
 ----------
 In the first 3 LISTS of this series we have reviewed the
 --4 meanings of the Hebrew root SChal
 --5 meanings of the Hebrew root AKAR
 --the nuances of SCHAL vs AKAR (barren vs miscarry)

 THE TEXT
 --------
 We now bring the Biblical verses that Rashi actually
 commented on

 THE RASHI
 ---------
 We have here a peach of a Rashi: A golden opportunity to
 see how the King of Databases deftly wove the threads of
 the dictionary into the Biblical text. In each Rashi
 below we explain why Rashi selected the dictionary
 meaning that he selected (why not another one). We see
 that Rashi used such criteria as reasonableness, similar
 verses and context. We also see how each meaning of these
 roots is found (rather remarkably) in SOME Rashi.

=================================================================
VERSE    ROOT  MEANING IN VERSE BRIEF TEXT OF VERSE
======== ===== ================ =================================
Gn27-45a SHCAL Loss of children Rachel worries about murder*1
Gn31-38a SHCAL Miscarriage      Miscarriage of flock*2
Gn42-36a SHCAL Loss of Children Jacob lost Shimon*1
Gn42-36b SHCAL Loss of Children Jacb suspects Shimon murdered*3
Gn43-14g SHCAL Loss of Children Jacob lost Joseph & Shimon*4
Gn43-14h SHCAL Loss of Children Jacob worries about losing Benjy
Ex23-26b SHCAL Miscarries       Blessing: No barren or miscarry*5
Dt07-14a AKAR  Barren           Blessing: No barren women*5
Gn49-06f AKAR  Sold to Idolatry Joseph was sold into slavery*6
Lv27-45d AKAR  Sold to Idolatry Jew sold himself to an idolater

NOTES
=====
*1 Rashi comments on this verse to inform us that
   SCHAL can ALSO refer to the loss of BIG CHILDREN.

   See my conjecture in footnote 10 of Table 1 that
   SCHAL+KAL is to used for the death of BIG children
   while SCHAL+PIEL is used for the death of SMALL
   children. It appears that this might be Rashis
   intention

*2 Note Rashis point: SCHAL could mean either MISCARRIAGE
   or BURIAL of Children. Since animals frequently lose
   their young Rashi interprets the verse: YOUR FLOCK
   WILL NOT MISCARRY--the blessing applied to the infrequent
   possibility (Note that Gn42-36a and Gn42-36b deal with
   two issues: Meaning of SCHAL vs GRAMMATICAL form of SCHAL)


*3 Compare Gn42-36 vs Gn43-14: In Gn43-14 Jacob uses
   the PASSIVE FORM:
   ---------------------
   MY CHILDREN were LOST.
   ---------------------
   By contrast in Gn42-36 Jacob uses the ACTIVE FORM:
   -----------------------------
   WHY DID YOU KILL MY CHILDREN.
   -----------------------------
   Rashi explains that Jacob was doing more than complaining
   about the possible loss of Shimon (who was in Jail). Jacob
   was ALSO accusing the brothers of Killing (or ignoring)
   Shimon or selling him off (to save themselves). (It would
   appear from this Rashi that Jacob suspected the brothers
   of selling Joseph into slavery)

*4 Gn43-14 is literally translated as
   -------------------------------------------------
   & Just as I LOST children so I WILL LOSE children
   -------------------------------------------------
   Rashi explains the PAST vs FUTURE:
   --Jacob HAD LOST Shimon and Levi
   --Jacob is NOW AFRAID of losing BENJAMIN

*5 Ex23-26 and Dt07-14 both state Gods blessing when
   the Jews come to Israel
   -----------------------------------------------------------
   Neither you nor your animals will have BARREN or MISCARRIES
   -----------------------------------------------------------
   Rashis point here is that we translate AKAR as BARREN
   rather than e.g. a blessing that no one will have their
   feet cut off. The point is that the two verses Ex23-26
   and Dt07-14 are similar and illumine each other--hence
   we translate AKAR the same way we translate SCHAL as
   MISCARRY

*6 First things First: All of Gn49 refer to the tribes
   as Animals. Think of Shagals famous windows: Judah
   is a Lion, Naftali is a Gazelle and Joseph is an
   Ox (cf Moses Blessing in Dt33-17.)

   Next: Gn49-06 could equally mean YOU TRIED TO CUT
   JOSEPHS FEET OFF or YOU TRIED TO CASTRATE JOSEPH etc
   Rashi picks the most logical meaning, the meaning
   consistent with context: I dont know the French
   Rashi used, but the most consistent meaning is the
   meaning of SLAVE. So the verse YOU UPROOTED THE OX
   in Gn49-06 would mean
   ------------------------------
   Your sold Joseph into slavery
   ------------------------------
   This is similar to the meaning in Lv27-45.
=================================================================


RASHI RULE USED: WORDS
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website

Volume 11 Number 4


#*#*#*#*#  (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 11 Number 4