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VERSE: Dt01-16a

RASHIS COVERED: Ex13-03a Ex20-08a Nu06-23a Dt15-10a Dt09-21a
                Dt03-06a Nu25-17a Dt16-01a Dt01-15c Dt27-01a
                Ex18-22b Dt31-26a Dt01-16a

======================== Dt01-16a =============================

SUCCINT SUMMARY:
----------------
One of Rashi's 10 major goals is the explanation of GRAMMAR
the same way modern textbooks explain GRAMMAR. There are three
major GRAMMAR submethods:

(a) The goal of the ROOT submethod is to explain all
conjugations and meanings of Biblical roots.
Biblical roots are conjugated with letter prefixes and suffixes
to indicate (i) tense (ii) person (iii) gender (iv) plurality
(v) mode (vi) object (to whom the activity is done) and (vii)
mood. Each of these conjugations has a specific meaning.
Furthermore, these conjugations take on different forms for
roots with weak letters.

(b) The SENTENCE submethod deals with grammatical attributes
of sentences such as (i) word arrangement (Verb Subject vs
Subject Verb) (ii) sentence type  (interrogative, command)
(iii) compound sentences (iv) apposition and (v)
paragraph / sentence development.

(c) The MISCELLANEOUS grammatical methods deal with
(i) agreement (in gender and plurality), (ii) the construct
(iii) pronoun reference (iv) ellipsis (v) noun-verb transforms
(e.g. to dust) (vi) special word usage(e.g. how to use
numbers) (vii) suffix-prefixes (e.g. terminal HEY means
towards).

Today we explain a multiple use of ROOT CONJUGATIONS--
the INFINITIVE FORM can denote
- the INFINITIVE
- ONGOING activity (The same nuances as an English GERUND)

Most languages have grammatical forms indicating ongoing activity
For example the word RUNNING in the sentence I TRIPPED WHILE
RUNNING indicates, not RUNNING at one point of time, but rather
ONGOING RUNNING over a period of time.

In English this ongoing activity is indicated by the ING of
the Gerund form. In Hebrew, according to Rashi, the INFINITIVE
is used to indicate ONGOING activity.

EXAMPLE Dt01-16a
----------------
Dt01-16 states
---------------------------------------------
And I (Moses) commanded your judges at this time
as follows: Be INVOLVED IN LISTENING between
your brother and [thereby] judge justly between
a person his brother or a sojourner
---------------------------------------------

Rashi translates the Hebrew infinitive form
of the root TO LISTEN as meaning BE INVOLVED
IN LISTENING. Hence the Rashi comment
---------------------------------------------
Moses told them to be PATIENT in judging
cases
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
If you have seen a case a few times don't
judge the next one quickly but rather
BE INVOLVED IN LISTENING to the case
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
---------------------------------------------

LIST080c summarizes the above list It also provides much
needed detail
==================================================================
ITEM                     DETAIL
======================== =========================================
RASHI RULE CLASS:        GRAMMARr
RASHI SUBRULE CLASS      INFINITIVE
RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE #9
SEE BELOW                LIST704b
List of verses with      INFINITIVE meaning ONGOING ACTIVITY
=====================================================================


======================= LIST704b ================================
List of verses with      INFINITIVE meaning ONGOING ACTIVITY
=================================================================
VERSE    TEXT: BE INVOLVED IN           HOW OFTEN
======== =============================  =========================
Dt01-16a LISTENING to court cases       Even cases you heard alot
Ex13-03a REMEMBERING the exodus         Every day
Ex20-08a REMEMBERING the Sabbath        Every day
Nu06-23a SAYING the Priestly blessing   Every Day
Dt15-10a GIVING to the poor             As often as needed
Dt09-21a I crushed it by GRINDING       As often as needed*4
Dt03-06a DESTROYING the enemy cities    As often as needed*1*2
Nu25-17a HATING the Midyanites          As often as needed
Dt16-01a WATCHING the Springtime        Every month during winter
Dt01-15c (To Judges) LISTENING to cases Deliberate on cases
Dt27-01a WATCHING these commandments    Continuously
Ex18-22b EASING your burden             Continuously*1*3
Dt31-26a TAKING this Sefer Torah        Once @ 7 years


NOTES
-----
*1 Added Jan 21 2002

*2 The full verse states
   --------------------------------------------------
   We destroyed them the same way we destroyed Sichon:
   DESTROYING populated cities, the women and children
   --------------------------------------------------

   The idea seems to be that this war was not won in 1 battle
   Rather after winning the war the conquest was ONGOING
   and CONTINUED over a series of battles. Hence the verse uses
   the GERUND to impart the flavor of a CONTINUING WAR
   rather than a war/battle that took place at one point
   of time

*3 Jethro had just advised Moses to create a Judicial
   system with a hierarchy of Judges. In the old system Moses
   judged every case. In the new system Moses would only
   judge the difficult cases while the routine cases would
   be judged by appointed judges. Such a setup would
   CONTINUOUSLY EASE MOSES BURDEN.

*4 Added Oct 25 2001
================================================================
---------------------------------------------------
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Volume 30 Number 13


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