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      7. RASHI METHOD: FORMATTING
      BRIEF EXPLANATION:Inferences from Biblical formatting: --bold,italics, and paragraph structure.
      • Use of repetition to indicate formatting effects: bold,italics,...;
      • use of repeated keywords to indicate a bullet effect;
      • rules governing use and interpretation of climactic sequence;
      • rules governing paragraph development and discourse
      This example applies to Rashis Nu24-05a Nu24-05b
      URL Reference: (c) http://www.Rashiyomi.com/rule1223.htm
      Brief Summary: a) Jews have beauty in personal dwellings b) Jews have beauty in their Temples

We have explained in our article Biblical Formatting located on the world wide web at http://www.Rashiyomi.com/biblicalformatting.pdf, that the Biblical Author indicated bullets by using repeating keywords.

That is, if a modern author wanted to get a point across using bullets - a list of similar but contrastive items - then the Biblical Author would use repeating keywords. Today's verse illustrates this principle.

Bullets whether indicated through modern notation or through the Biblical method of repeating keywords always indicate contrastive emphasis - that is, each bullet is presumed to be a distinct item contrasted to the other items on the list. Very often the bullets are also used to indicate that the entire list of exhaustive of some spectrum.

    Verse(s) Nu24-05b discussing Bilams blessings that the Jewish homes and Temples are good states
  • How good are
    • your tents, Jacob
    • your Temples, Israel.
    The repeated underlined phrase your creates a bullet effect. The bullet effect in turn creates an emphasis on the distinctness of all enumerated items. Rashi interprets the distinctness as follows
    • (1) Jews have good houses: The doors and windows don't face each other facilitating privacy.
    • (2) Jews have good temples - the Priests and sacrifices atone for their sins. And even when destroyed the exile atones.

    Advanced Rashi:
  • Rashi literally says The temples when destroyed atone for the Jews. But that is now what the text says!
  • So I added the underlined phrases: The Jewish Temples have beautiful sacrificial procedures and priests that atone for Jewish sins, and even when the Temple is destroyed the destroyed Temple atones for sins.
  • We can go a step further. Although in the majority of cases the Hebrew Mishkan means Temple its primary meaning is mansion. So a full interpretation of the verse would be as follows:
    • Houses: Poor Jews have good houses, since despite their poverty they preserve privacy.
    • Mansions:
      • Rich Jews have good mansions since they give charity to the poor.
      • The Temple mansions are good since they atone on sins and
      • Even when the Temple mansion is destroyed the pain of exile atones.

But if the latter is the simple meaning of the verse why did Rashi exclusively state the destroyed Temples atone? By doing this Rashi avoids the broader meaning of the text and focuses on exceptional cases (Destroyed temples/exile). I would argue however that the simple meaning of the text - mansions, temples - is clear. Rashi's job was to add meanings not obvious. It is fallacious to assume that the Rashi comment was meant to exhaust the verse's meaning. Rather the Rashi comment was meant to supplement the verse's meaning. Rashi expected the teacher to supplement Rashi's advance meaning with the simple meaning of the text.

This approach - supplement vs exhaust - is fundamental to understanding Rashi and will enrich the Rashi experience of all students of Rashi from young to old and from novice to advanced.


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