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VERSE: Lv07-02a
RASHIS COVERD: Lv07-02a Lv01-02h Lv01-02i Gn49-28c
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(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||
VERY BRIEF SUMMARY ------------------ One of Rashis 6 main goals is to explain the rules of Grammar the same way Hebrew grammar books explain grammar. One important focus of grammar is the plural-singular principles. Many people naively believe that every sentence must be ALL singular or ALL plural. In fact combining SINGULAR with PLURAL is very common in sentences. A variety of examples and rules are presented below. Here are some simple guidelines and examples RULE 1 ------ SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS -- SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO commonality (Every person does it his own way) EXAMPLE ------- After Benjamin was caught, each of Jacobs sons, HE MOUNTED HIS DONKEY (RASHI: They were so upset they mounted individually without helping each other) RULE 2 ------ PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg -- each person THEY RETURN to HIS inheritance PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates ---- a COMMON act ---- but INDIVIDUALLY done EXAMPLE ------- So the JUBILEE year is a COMMON free-er of all slaves (PLURAL: THEY RETURN). But each person goes back to HIS individual inheritance. RULE 3 ------ PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done by the community as a whole. EXAMPLE -------- So SINGULAR (HE OFFERS) indicates a personal UP offering while by contrast a PLURAL (THEY OFFER) indicates a COMMUNITY UP OFFERING (Brought by the community as a whole) There are more rules but this will suffice for now | ||
| ITEM | DETAIL | |
| RASHI RULE CLASS: | GRAMMARr | |
| RASHI SUBRULE CLASS: | PLURAL-SINGULAR | |
| RASHI WORKBOOK PRINCIPLE | #9 | |
| SEE BELOW | LIST070a | |
| List of verses with | Plural-Singular verses | |
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(C) Dr Hendel, Jan-03 | ||||
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This whole list and set ---------------- of principles is due to MALBIM whose teachings on the simplicity of Biblical exegesis are profound and everlasting. OUr modest contribution is to present HIS list in tabular FORMAT. The list below presents verses which mix SINGULAR and PLURAL. Here are some rough rules RULE 1 ------ SINGULR(V) SINGULAR(S)--eg EACH PERSON HE MOUNTS SINGULAR SINGULAR is used to indicate NO commonality (Every person does it his own way) RULE 2 ------ PLURAL(V) SINGULAR(S) SINGULAR(DO)-eg -- each person RETURNS to HIS inheritance PLURAL SINGULAR SINGULAR indicates ---- a COMMON act ---- but INDIVIDUALLY done RULE 3 ------ PLURAL(V) PLURAL (S)--eg THEY offer THEIR sacrifices PLURAL PLURAL indicates a COMMUNAL act done by the community as a whole. There are more rules but this will suffice for now | ||||
| SINGULAR S | PLURAL Verb | SINGULAR OBJECT | VERSE | |
| Each person | unloaded*1 | his sack | Gn44-11 | |
| Each person | dreamed*1 | his dream | Gn40-05 | |
| Each person | sold *1 | his field | Gn47-20 | |
| Each person | gleaned*1 | his needs | Gn16-16 | |
| Each person | opened *1 | his sack | Gn44-11 | |
| Each person | returns*1 | to his inheritance | Lv25-13 | |
| ----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
| each person | won-t withold | his burial plot*2 | Gn23-06 | |
| Each person | if he suspects | his wife *2 | Nu05-12 | |
| Each person | if he redeems | his tenth *2 | Lv27-31 | |
| let them | make tzitzith | for themselves*3 | Nu15-38 | |
| ----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
| each person | was blessed | by his blessing *4 | Gn49-28c | |
| each person | took | his sword *4 | Gn34-25 | |
| each person | took | his incensor*4 | Lv10-01 | |
| ----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
| each person | HE mounted | his donkey *5 | Gn44-13 | |
| ----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
| each person | who offers | a sacrifice | Lv01-02 | |
| they will | offer | their sacrifices*6 | Lv01-02 | |
| ----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
| where they | they slaughter | the UP Offering | Lv07-01 | |
| (there..) | they slaughter | the GUILT offering | Lv07-01 | |
| its blood | he spills*7 | on the altar | Lv07-01 | |
| ----------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ------- | |
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*1 This PLURAL-SINGULAR is rather normal usage. So eg EACH PERSON THEY UNLOADED THEIR SACKS means that - they unloaded TOGETHER (eg at the same time or helping each other) - but they each unloaded their individual sacks *2 Note the IF and NOT. The SINGULAR SINGULAR is appropriate. Eg IF SOMEONE SUSPECTS HIS WIFE (It doesnt necessarily apply to the whole group)! Similarly NO INDIVIDUAL PERSON WILL DENY HIS BURIAL PLOT TO YOU means that no particular person will so deny. *3 Malbim suggests that COMMANDS can be stated in the plural when they apply to everybody (that is everybody has to make Tzitzith) *4 So we see elements of COMMONALITY (PLURAL) and INDIVIDUALITY (SINGULAR) in these verses. - Each person THEY took HIS incensor RASHI: They didnt do it as a group The didnt consult each other - Each person THEY took HIS sword RASHI: They didnt do it as group They didnt consult each other - Each person THEY WERE BLESSED according to THEIR blessing RASHI: So although the blessings were individual (eg Judah was a lion and Naftali was a Gazelle) nevertheless their was a commonality--that is Jacob bless all of them as a group with the blessings and benefits of each individual member. *5 Note the SINGULAR SINGULAR form---the brothers were upset at Benjamin being framed and hence they didnt think of each other---they EACH MOUNTED IN THEIR OWN WAY WITHOUT ANY UNISON *6 So the first part of the verse talks about offering a voluntary individual offering. The 2nd part of the verse speaks about offering a voluntary communal offering (Hence the singular-plural) *7 So although the verse talks about the GUILT offering nevertheless, it makes a general comment about COMMUNAL offerings: - wherever ANY communal UP offering is slaughtered - there, the GUILT offering is slaughtered As a side inference we see that the Torah assumes that ALL UP offerings (Individual-communal) are offered in the NORTH | ||||