#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
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VERSE: Gn45-11a
RASHIS COVERED: Gn45-11a Dt28-42a Ex15-09e Ex34-24a Nu14-24d
================ Yud-Resh-Shin HAS 3 meanings ===================
BACKGROUND
----------
Hebrew is composed of 3 letter roots. Each 3 letter root is
assigned a meaning. The meanings can undergo various conjugations
Each conjugation endows the root with additional nuances, such
as time, gender, person,plurality etc.
REFERENCE:
---------
THere are many good references on Grammatical conjugation. We
highly recommend the appendices to the Ibn Shoshan dictionary
In about a dozen tables most of grammar is covered. The example
we cover today affords us the opportunity to see how to amend
the Ibn Shoshan tables when necessary.
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/h1n11.htm contains a previous posting
on the root Yud-Resh-Shin. We include all previous lists in
this posting with added material.
THE TEXT
--------
We deal with the Biblical root Yud-Resh-Shin
THE RASHI
---------
Yud-Resh-Shin has 3 meanings depending on the grammatical mode
- In the intensive mode YRSH means POOR
- In the Active Mode YRSH means INHERIT
- In the Causative Mode YRSH means to OUST*11
We present 2 lists. The 1st list, simply lists the 3 basic
meanings of YRSH with sample verses and illustrative texts.
The 2nd list reviews the Rashis on this word who makes further
nuances. Here is the 1st list.
=================================================================
MODE MEANING TEXT OF VERSE WITH MEANING capped VERSE
===== ======== ======================================== =========
Kal Inherit He wont INHERIT with Isaac Gn21-10
Kal Inherit My servant will INHERIT me Gn15-03
Piel Poor Come to Egypt Lest you become POOR Gn45-11
Piel Poor dont oversleep lest you become POOR Prv20-13
Hifil Oust Israel OUSTED the Emori from there Nu21-32
Hifil Oust God will OUST these nations Dt11-23
NOTES
-----
*1 Strictly speaking there are Kal occurences which have an
element of conquest such as Dt01-21, Dt02-24,or Dt02-31
--------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -------------------------
*10 There are some slight connections between these meanings:
- TO OUST means TO MAKE SOMEONE ELSE POOR (Causative)
- The DECEASED becomes OUSTED & IMPOVERISHED from his estate
which is INHERITED by the inheritors.
But we will not dwell on these connections as they are not
needed to understand the lists below. We present 2 lists
=================================================================
============== RASHIS ON YRASH ==================================
The 1st list above, simply lists the 3 basic meanings of YRSH
with sample verses and illustrative texts. The 2nd list below
reviews the Rashis on Y-R-Sh who makes further nuances.
=================================================================
VERSE TEXT of VERSE with the TRANSLATION OF YRSH capped
======== ========================================================
Gn45-11a I will feed you; otherwise you will become POOR
Dt28-42a The locusts will IMPOVERISH your trees from fruit*1
Ex15-09e The enemy said I will IMPOVERISH them
Ex34-24a When I(God) OUST enemies from before you*2
Nu14-24d Kalevs descendants will OUST the enemy*3
NOTES
-----
*1 Rashi makes 3 points: (Dt28-42a, Dt28-42b, Dt28-42c)
-- A POOR tree is a tree without fruit (Dt28-42a)
-- Y-R-Sh means POOR because it is in PIEL
-- The following alternate MODES have alternate meanings
(See Ibn Shoshan, Table 5, Silent Yud-2-3 verbs)
-----------------------------------------
Hebrew Mode Meaning
-----------------------------------------
-- Yee-Rash Kal Inherit
-- YeYah-Raysh*10 Piel Become poor
-- Yo-rish Hifil oust
-----------------------------------------
*2 Rashi makes explicit here that in the HIFIL Y-R-Sh
does not mean CONQUER but rather TO OUST.
*3 Rashi points out that
-- HIFIL of Y-R-Sh is YO-RISH and means TO OUST
-- KAL of Y-R-Sh is YE-RASH and means TO INHERIT
Thus the two conjugations are similar and hence
Rashi commented. See the article and URL below for
examples where Rashi comments on SIMILAR conjugations
http://www.Rashiyomi.Com/rules-01.htm
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
---------------------- LONGER FOOTNOTES -------------------------
*10 To be technical Ibn Shoshan lists
---------------------------
YeYaSayr - with a Patach
---------------------------
We however have given
-------------------------
YeYahSayr - with a Kamatz
-------------------------
The reason for this is that
-- the first root letter is the weak letter YUD
-- the second root letter is a guttural CHETH
Thus Y-R-Sh is an example of a root with two weak
letters. As we have pointed out Rashi comments on
Rare verb conjugations. See
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/rules-01.htm
http://www.RashiYomi.Com/grammar.htm
This can be further proven using Alfred Silbermans
Grammatical Form Konkordance.
- Form 1055.14 lists about 3 dozen Piel,single,future
3rd person verbs that use a PATACH (and have no
guttural letter for a 2nd root letter) Some examples
are Gn49-27, Lv11-25, Ex30-10, Ex23-08, Ex21-34)
- By contrast Forms 1393-19:21 list about a dozen
Piel Single future 3rd person verbs that use a
Kamatz (and have a guttural letter for a 2nd root
letter). Some examples are
Gn28-03, Nu24-03, Ex11-01, Ex22-16, Ps05-07
=================================================================
RASHI RULE USED: GrammarR
---------------------------------------------------
WARNING: The following additional references may be too wordy
However they frequently contain additional information & lists
The hyperlinks only work on the main website
Volume 12 Number 13
#*#*#*#*# (C) 2001, RashiYomi Inc. Dr Hendel President #*#*#*#*#
Volume 12 Number 13